我有一张表:
Key type value
---------------------
40 A 12.34
41 A 10.24
41 B 12.89
我希望格式为:
Types 40 41 42 (keys)
---------------------------------
A 12.34 10.24 XXX
B YYY 12.89 ZZZ
如何通过SQL查询完成此操作。案例陈述,解码??
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您要查找的内容称为“pivot”(另请参阅“Oracle数据库数据仓库指南”中的“Pivoting Operations”):
SELECT *
FROM tbl
PIVOT(SUM(value) FOR Key IN (40, 41, 42))
它以11g的形式添加到了Oracle中。请注意,您需要在pivot子句中指定结果列(来自unpivoted列的值,这些值将成为透视列名称)。未在透视中指定的任何列都隐式分组。如果原始表中有您不希望分组的列,请从视图或子查询中选择,而不是从表中选择。
您可以参与一些wizardry并让Oracle为您创建语句,这样您就不需要弄清楚要转移的列值。在11g中,当您知道列值是数字时:
SELECT
'SELECT * FROM tbl PIVOT(SUM(value) FOR Key IN ('
|| LISTAGG(Key, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY Key)
|| ');'
FROM tbl;
如果列值可能不是数字:
SELECT
'SELECT * FROM tbl PIVOT(SUM(value) FOR Key IN (\''
|| LISTAGG(Key, '\',\'') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY Key)
|| '\'));'
FROM tbl;
LISTAGG
可能重复重复(有人会测试吗?),在这种情况下你需要:
SELECT
'SELECT * FROM tbl PIVOT(SUM(value) FOR Key IN (\''
|| LISTAGG(Key, '\',\'') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY Key)
|| '\'));'
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Key FROM tbl);
您可以更进一步,定义一个函数,该函数接受一个表名,聚合表达式和数据透视表列名,返回一个数据透视表语句,首先生成然后评估上述语句。然后,您可以定义一个采用相同参数并生成透视结果的过程。我没有访问Oracle 11g来测试它,但我相信它看起来像:
CREATE PACKAGE dynamic_pivot AS
-- creates a PIVOT statement dynamically
FUNCTION pivot_stmt (tbl_name IN varchar2(30),
pivot_col IN varchar2(30),
aggr IN varchar2(40),
quote_values IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE)
RETURN varchar2(300);
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (pivot_stmt, WNDS, RNPS);
-- creates & executes a PIVOT
PROCEDURE pivot_table (tbl_name IN varchar2(30),
pivot_col IN varchar2(30),
aggr IN varchar2(40),
quote_values IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE);
END dynamic_pivot;
CREATE PACKAGE BODY dynamic_pivot AS
FUNCTION pivot_stmt (
tbl_name IN varchar2(30),
pivot_col IN varchar2(30),
aggr_expr IN varchar2(40),
quote_values IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE
) RETURN varchar2(300)
IS
stmt VARCHAR2(400);
quote VARCHAR2(2) DEFAULT '';
BEGIN
IF quote_values THEN
quote := '\\\'';
END IF;
-- "\||" shows that you are still in the dynamic statement string
-- The input fields aren't sanitized, so this is vulnerable to injection
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT \'SELECT * FROM ' || tbl_name
|| ' PIVOT(' || aggr_expr || ' FOR ' || pivot_col
|| ' IN (' || quote || '\' \|| LISTAGG(' || pivot_col
|| ', \'' || quote || ',' || quote
|| '\') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ' || pivot_col || ') \|| \'' || quote
|| '));\' FROM (SELECT DISTINCT ' || pivot_col || ' FROM ' || tbl_name || ');'
INTO stmt;
RETURN stmt;
END pivot_stmt;
PROCEDURE pivot_table (tbl_name IN varchar2(30), pivot_col IN varchar2(30), aggr_expr IN varchar2(40), quote_values IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE) IS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE pivot_stmt(tbl_name, pivot_col, aggr_expr, quote_values);
END pivot_table;
END dynamic_pivot;
注意:tbl_name
,pivot_col
和aggr_expr
参数的长度来自maximum table and column name length。另请注意,该函数易受SQL注入攻击。
在11g之前,您可以应用MySQL pivot statement generation技术(根据为每个数据透视值明确定义单独的列,生成其他人发布的查询类型)。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
Pivot确实大大简化了事情。但是,在11g之前,您需要手动执行此操作。
select
type,
sum(case when key = 40 then value end) as val_40,
sum(case when key = 41 then value end) as val_41,
sum(case when key = 42 then value end) as val_42
from my_table
group by type;
答案 2 :(得分:0)
从未尝试过,但似乎至少Oracle 11有一个PIVOT子句
答案 3 :(得分:0)
如果您无权访问11g,则可以使用字符串聚合和分组方法。你正在寻找什么,如
with data as(
SELECT 40 KEY , 'A' TYPE , 12.34 VALUE FROM DUAL UNION
SELECT 41 KEY , 'A' TYPE , 10.24 VALUE FROM DUAL UNION
SELECT 41 KEY , 'B' TYPE , 12.89 VALUE FROM DUAL
)
select
TYPE ,
wm_concat(KEY) KEY ,
wm_concat(VALUE) VALUE
from data
GROUP BY TYPE;
type KEY VALUE
------ ------- -----------
A 40,41 12.34,10.24
B 41 12.89
这是基于wm_concat,如下所示:http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/misc/StringAggregationTechniques.php
我会留下这个以防万一它有所帮助,但我认为PIVOT或MikeyByCrikey的答案最适合您的需求,重新查看您的样本结果。