我正在使用Tor的刮刀，在这个示例项目中有一个简化版本：https://github.com/khpeek/scraper-compose。该项目具有以下（简化）结构：
.
├── docker-compose.yml
├── privoxy
│ ├── config
│ └── Dockerfile
├── scraper
│ ├── Dockerfile
│ ├── requirements.txt
│ ├── tutorial
│ │ ├── scrapy.cfg
│ │ └── tutorial
│ │ ├── extensions.py
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── items.py
│ │ ├── middlewares.py
│ │ ├── pipelines.py
│ │ ├── settings.py
│ │ ├── spiders
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── quotes_spider.py
│ │ └── tor_controller.py
│ └── wait-for
│ └── wait-for
└── tor
├── Dockerfile
└── torrc
定义quotes_spider.py的蜘蛛是一个非常简单的蜘蛛，基于Scrapy Tutorial：
import scrapy
from tutorial.items import QuoteItem
class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "quotes"
start_urls = ['http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/{n}/'.format(n=n) for n in range(1, 3)]
custom_settings = {
'TOR_RENEW_IDENTITY_ENABLED': True,
'TOR_ITEMS_TO_SCRAPE_PER_IDENTITY': 5
}
download_delay = 2 # Wait 2 seconds (actually a random time between 1 and 3 seconds) between downloading pages
def parse(self, response):
for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
item = QuoteItem()
item['text'] = quote.css('span.text::text').extract_first()
item['author'] = quote.css('small.author::text').extract_first()
item['tags'] = quote.css('div.tags a.tag::text').extract()
yield item
在settings.py中，我已使用行<{3}}激活
EXTENSIONS = {
'tutorial.extensions.TorRenewIdentity': 1,
}
其中extensions.py是
import logging
import random
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
import tutorial.tor_controller as tor_controller
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class TorRenewIdentity(object):
def __init__(self, crawler, item_count):
self.crawler = crawler
self.item_count = self.randomize(item_count) # Randomize the item count to confound traffic analysis
self._item_count = item_count # Also remember the given item count for future randomizations
self.items_scraped = 0
# Connect the extension object to signals
self.crawler.signals.connect(self.item_scraped, signal=signals.item_scraped)
@staticmethod
def randomize(item_count, min_factor=0.5, max_factor=1.5):
'''Randomize the number of items scraped before changing identity. (A similar technique is applied to Scrapy's DOWNLOAD_DELAY setting).'''
randomized_item_count = random.randint(int(min_factor*item_count), int(max_factor*item_count))
logger.info("The crawler will scrape the following (randomized) number of items before changing identity (again): {}".format(randomized_item_count))
return randomized_item_count
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
if not crawler.settings.getbool('TOR_RENEW_IDENTITY_ENABLED'):
raise NotConfigured
item_count = crawler.settings.getint('TOR_ITEMS_TO_SCRAPE_PER_IDENTITY', 50)
return cls(crawler=crawler, item_count=item_count) # Instantiate the extension object
def item_scraped(self, item, spider):
'''When item_count items are scraped, pause the engine and change IP address.'''
self.items_scraped += 1
if self.items_scraped == self.item_count:
logger.info("Scraped {item_count} items. Pausing engine while changing identity...".format(item_count=self.item_count))
self.crawler.engine.pause()
tor_controller.change_identity() # Change IP address (cf. https://stem.torproject.org/faq.html#how-do-i-request-a-new-identity-from-tor)
self.items_scraped = 0 # Reset the counter
self.item_count = self.randomize(self._item_count) # Generate a new random number of items to scrape before changing identity again
self.crawler.engine.unpause()
和tor_controller.py是
import logging
import sys
import socket
import time
import requests
import stem
import stem.control
# Tor settings
TOR_ADDRESS = socket.gethostbyname("tor") # The Docker-Compose service in which this code is running should be linked to the "tor" service.
TOR_CONTROL_PORT = 9051 # This is configured in /etc/tor/torrc by the line "ControlPort 9051" (or by launching Tor with "tor -controlport 9051")
TOR_PASSWORD = "foo" # The Tor password is written in the docker-compose.yml file. (It is passed as a build argument to the 'tor' service).
# Privoxy settings
PRIVOXY_ADDRESS = "privoxy" # This assumes this code is running in a Docker-Compose service linked to the "privoxy" service
PRIVOXY_PORT = 8118 # This is determined by the "listen-address" in Privoxy's "config" file
HTTP_PROXY = 'http://{address}:{port}'.format(address=PRIVOXY_ADDRESS, port=PRIVOXY_PORT)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class TorController(object):
def __init__(self):
self.controller = stem.control.Controller.from_port(address=TOR_ADDRESS, port=TOR_CONTROL_PORT)
self.controller.authenticate(password=TOR_PASSWORD)
self.session = requests.Session()
self.session.proxies = {'http': HTTP_PROXY}
def request_ip_change(self):
self.controller.signal(stem.Signal.NEWNYM)
def get_ip(self):
'''Check what the current IP address is (as seen by IPEcho).'''
return self.session.get('http://ipecho.net/plain').text
def change_ip(self):
'''Signal a change of IP address and wait for confirmation from IPEcho.net'''
current_ip = self.get_ip()
logger.debug("Initializing change of identity from the current IP address, {current_ip}".format(current_ip=current_ip))
self.request_ip_change()
while True:
new_ip = self.get_ip()
if new_ip == current_ip:
logger.debug("The IP address is still the same. Waiting for 1 second before checking again...")
time.sleep(1)
else:
break
logger.debug("The IP address has been changed from {old_ip} to {new_ip}".format(old_ip=current_ip, new_ip=new_ip))
return new_ip
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
self.controller.close()
def change_identity():
with TorController() as tor_controller:
tor_controller.change_ip()
如果我使用docker-compose build后跟docker-compose up开始抓取，大体上扩展程序可以正常工作：根据日志，它会成功更改IP地址并继续抓取。
然而，令我烦恼的是，在引擎暂停期间，我看到了错误消息，例如
scraper_1 | 2017-05-12 16:35:06 [stem] INFO: Error while receiving a control message (SocketClosed): empty socket content
接着是
scraper_1 | 2017-05-12 16:35:06 [stem] INFO: Error while receiving a control message (SocketClosed): received exception "peek of closed file"
导致这些错误的原因是什么？由于它们具有INFO级别，或许我可以忽略它们？ （我在Scrapy extension看了一下Stem的源代码，但到目前为止还没有能够处理正在发生的事情。
答案 0 :(得分：4)
您可以获取茎的Logger实例并按如下所示将其关闭：
from stem.util.log import get_logger
logger = get_logger()
logger.propagate = False
答案 1 :(得分：2)
我不知道您对自己的问题是否得出了什么结论。
我实际上收到了与您相同的日志消息。我的Scrapy项目表现良好，使用Tor和privoxy的ip轮换也成功。我只是不断得到日志INFO : [stem ] Error while receiving a control message (SocketClosed): empty socket content，这让我感到害怕。
我花了一些时间来寻找导致它的原因，并且看看我是否可以忽略它（毕竟，这只是一条信息消息而不是错误信息）。
最重要的是，我不知道是什么原因造成的，但我觉得忽视它是安全的。
正如日志所说，套接字内容（实际上是包含有关套接字连接的相关信息的stem control_file）是空的。当control_file为空时，它会触发关闭套接字连接（根据python套接字文档）。我不确定是什么原因导致control_file为空以关闭套接字连接。但是，如果套接字连接确实已关闭，则看起来套接字连接已成功打开，因为我的scrapy的爬行作业和ip旋转效果很好。虽然我找不到它的真正原因，但我只能假设一些原因：（1）Tor网络不稳定，（2）当代码运行controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)时，套接字暂时关闭并获取再次开启，或者其他一些我目前无法想到的原因。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
我也处于类似情况，并且意识到日志消息对ip旋转或爬网没有影响。但是，这些日志消息很烦人，可以使用装饰器将其静音：
var config_file = @"config.json";
var objectproperty = JToken.Parse(File.ReadAllText(config_file));
foreach (var obj in objectproperty)
{
var count = (long)obj["count"];
obj["count"] = count * 3;
}
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(config_file, objectproperty.ToString());