关于最大CPU频率的进程/ pid的CPU使用率或CPU周期

时间:2017-05-09 15:12:19

标签: python python-3.x

目前,我通过Python的psutil模块监控多个进程,并以百分比形式检索CPU使用率,该百分比基于execution_time/total_time。这样做的问题是动态电压和频率调节(DVFS,或ACPI的P状态,或cpufreq等)。当前CPU频率越低,进程需要执行的时间越长,CPU使用率就越高。与此相反,我需要相对于CPU的最大性能 fixed CPU使用率。

为避免永久性地改变“当前频率”的多次重新安装,一种方法是直接使用该过程使用的CPU周期。原则上,这可以通过C中的perf_event.h或Linux命令行上的perf来完成。不幸的是,我找不到一个提供类似功能的Python模块(基于前面提到的)。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

感谢BlackJack的评论

  

如何在C中将其作为共享库实现并通过Python中的ctypes使用它?

     

库调用引入的开销更少。子进程调用启动整个外部进程,并在每次需要该值时将结果作为字符串传递给管道。共享库将一次加载到当前进程中,结果将在内存中传递。

我将其实现为共享库。库 cpucycles.c 的源代码(严重基于perf_event_open's man page的示例):

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>

static long
perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,
                int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)
{
    int ret;

    ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,
                    group_fd, flags);
    return ret;
}

long long
cpu_cycles(unsigned int microseconds,
            pid_t pid,
            int cpu,
            int exclude_user,
            int exclude_kernel,
            int exclude_hv,
            int exclude_idle)
{
    struct perf_event_attr pe;
    long long count;
    int fd;

    memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));
    pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;
    pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);
    pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES;
    pe.disabled = 1;
    pe.exclude_user = exclude_user;
    pe.exclude_kernel = exclude_kernel;
    pe.exclude_hv = exclude_hv;
    pe.exclude_idle = exclude_idle;

    fd = perf_event_open(&pe, pid, cpu, -1, 0);
    if (fd == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);
    ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);
    usleep(microseconds);
    ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);
    read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));

    close(fd);
    return count;
}

此代码通过以下两个命令编译到共享库中:

$ gcc -c -fPIC cpucycles.c -o cpucycles.o
$ gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libcpucycles.so.1 -o libcpucycles.so.1.0.1 cpucycles.o

最后,Python可以在 cpucycles.py 中使用该库:

import ctypes
import os

cdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "libcpucycles.so.1.0.1"))
cdll.cpu_cycles.argtypes = (ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int,
                            ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int,
                            ctypes.c_int)
cdll.cpu_cycles.restype = ctypes.c_longlong

def cpu_cycles(duration=1.0, pid=0, cpu=-1,
                exclude_user=False, exclude_kernel=False,
                exclude_hv=True, exclude_idle=True):
    """
    See man page of perf_event_open for all the parameters.

    :param duration: duration of counting cpu_cycles [seconds]
    :type duration: float
    :returns: cpu-cycle count of pid
    :rtype: int
    """
    count = cdll.cpu_cycles(int(duration*1000000), pid, cpu,
                            exclude_user, exclude_kernel,
                            exclude_hv, exclude_idle)
    if count < 0:
                raise OSError("cpu_cycles(pid={}, duration={}) from {} exited with code {}.".format(
                    pid, duration, cdll._name, count))

    return count

答案 1 :(得分:0)

最后,我通过perf命令行工具读取CPU周期并将其包装成Python(简化代码):

import subprocess
maximum_cpu_frequency = 3e9
cpu_percent = []
while True:    # some stop criteria
    try:
        cpu_percent.append(int(
                subprocess.check_output(["perf", "stat", "-e", "cycles",
                        "-p", pid, "-x", ",", "sleep", "1"],
                        stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode().split(",")[0]
                )/maximum_cpu_frequency)
    except ValueError:
        cpu_percent.append(0.0)

不幸的是,这不是准确的,因为不精确的sleep命令以及由于为每个样本生成新的perf进程而有效。