我希望以编程方式[在C中]计算Linux中给定进程ID的CPU使用率。
我们如何获得给定流程的实时CPU使用率?
进一步明确:
答案 0 :(得分:140)
您需要解析/proc/<PID>/stat
中的数据。这些是前几个字段(来自内核源代码中的Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
):
Table 1-3: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.22-rc3)
..............................................................................
Field Content
pid process id
tcomm filename of the executable
state state (R is running, S is sleeping, D is sleeping in an
uninterruptible wait, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped)
ppid process id of the parent process
pgrp pgrp of the process
sid session id
tty_nr tty the process uses
tty_pgrp pgrp of the tty
flags task flags
min_flt number of minor faults
cmin_flt number of minor faults with child's
maj_flt number of major faults
cmaj_flt number of major faults with child's
utime user mode jiffies
stime kernel mode jiffies
cutime user mode jiffies with child's
cstime kernel mode jiffies with child's
您可能在utime
和/或stime
之后。您还需要阅读cpu
中的/proc/stat
行,其内容如下:
cpu 192369 7119 480152 122044337 14142 9937 26747 0 0
这将告诉您在各种类别中使用的累计CPU时间,以jiff为单位。您需要获取此行上的值之和才能获得time_total
度量。
阅读您感兴趣的流程utime
和stime
,并阅读time_total
中的/proc/stat
。然后睡一会儿左右,再读一遍。您现在可以在采样时间内计算进程的CPU使用率,其中包括:
user_util = 100 * (utime_after - utime_before) / (time_total_after - time_total_before);
sys_util = 100 * (stime_after - stime_before) / (time_total_after - time_total_before);
有意义吗?
答案 1 :(得分:11)
getrusage()可以帮助您确定当前流程或其子级的使用情况
<强>更新强> 我记不起API了。但所有细节都在/ proc / PID / stat中,所以如果我们可以解析它,我们就可以得到百分比。
修改强> 由于CPU%不是直接计算的,你可以在这里使用抽样的东西。在某个时间点读取ctime和utime以获取PID,并在1秒后再次读取相同的值。找出差异并除以百。您将在过去一秒钟内获得该流程的使用权。
(如果有很多处理器,可能会变得更复杂)
答案 2 :(得分:6)
像我这样的小块很容易迈出一步:)
读取/ proc / stat的第一行以获取total_cpu_usage1
sscanf(line,"%*s %llu %llu %llu %llu",&user,&nice,&system,&idle);
total_cpu_usage1 = user + nice + system + idle;
read / proc / pid / stat其中pid是你想知道cpu用法的进程的pid,如下所示:
sscanf(line,
"%*d %*s %*c %*d" //pid,command,state,ppid
"%*d %*d %*d %*d %*u %*lu %*lu %*lu %*lu"
"%lu %lu" //usertime,systemtime
"%*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %*llu"
"%*lu", //virtual memory size in bytes
....)
现在总结usertime和系统时间并得到proc_times1
现在等待1秒或更长时间
再次执行,并获取total_cpu_usage2和proc_times2
公式为:
(number of processors) * (proc_times2 - proc_times1) * 100 / (float) (total_cpu_usage2 - total_cpu_usage1)
你可以从/ proc / cpuinfo
获得cpus的数量答案 3 :(得分:5)
答案 4 :(得分:3)
您可以阅读manpage for proc以获取更多详细信息,但总的来说,您可以阅读/ proc / [number] / stat来获取有关流程的信息。 “ps”命令也使用它。
所有字段及其scanf格式说明符都记录在proc manpag e。
中以下是manpage复制的一些信息(很长):
pid %d The process ID.
comm %s
The filename of the executable, in parentheses. This is
visible whether or not the executable is swapped out.
state %c
One character from the string "RSDZTW" where R is runâ
ning, S is sleeping in an interruptible wait, D is waitâ
ing in uninterruptible disk sleep, Z is zombie, T is
traced or stopped (on a signal), and W is paging.
ppid %d
The PID of the parent.
pgrp %d
The process group ID of the process.
session %d
The session ID of the process.
tty_nr %d
The tty the process uses.
tpgid %d
The process group ID of the process which currently owns
the tty that the process is connected to.
答案 5 :(得分:2)
看看“pidstat”命令,听起来就像你需要的那样。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
这是我的解决方案......
/*
this program is looking for CPU,Memory,Procs also u can look glibtop header there was a lot of usefull function have fun..
systeminfo.c
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <glibtop.h>
#include <glibtop/cpu.h>
#include <glibtop/mem.h>
#include <glibtop/proclist.h>
int main(){
glibtop_init();
glibtop_cpu cpu;
glibtop_mem memory;
glibtop_proclist proclist;
glibtop_get_cpu (&cpu);
glibtop_get_mem(&memory);
printf("CPU TYPE INFORMATIONS \n\n"
"Cpu Total : %ld \n"
"Cpu User : %ld \n"
"Cpu Nice : %ld \n"
"Cpu Sys : %ld \n"
"Cpu Idle : %ld \n"
"Cpu Frequences : %ld \n",
(unsigned long)cpu.total,
(unsigned long)cpu.user,
(unsigned long)cpu.nice,
(unsigned long)cpu.sys,
(unsigned long)cpu.idle,
(unsigned long)cpu.frequency);
printf("\nMEMORY USING\n\n"
"Memory Total : %ld MB\n"
"Memory Used : %ld MB\n"
"Memory Free : %ld MB\n"
"Memory Buffered : %ld MB\n"
"Memory Cached : %ld MB\n"
"Memory user : %ld MB\n"
"Memory Locked : %ld MB\n",
(unsigned long)memory.total/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.used/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.free/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.shared/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.buffer/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.cached/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.user/(1024*1024),
(unsigned long)memory.locked/(1024*1024));
int which,arg;
glibtop_get_proclist(&proclist,which,arg);
printf("%ld\n%ld\n%ld\n",
(unsigned long)proclist.number,
(unsigned long)proclist.total,
(unsigned long)proclist.size);
return 0;
}
makefile is
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-Wall -g
CLIBS=-lgtop-2.0 -lgtop_sysdeps-2.0 -lgtop_common-2.0
cpuinfo:cpu.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) systeminfo.c -o systeminfo $(CLIBS)
clean:
rm -f systeminfo
答案 7 :(得分:1)
当您想要监视器指定的进程时,通常是通过脚本完成的。这是perl的例子。这使得百分比与top相同,将其分解为一个CPU。然后当某个进程处于活动状态并使用2个线程时,cpu使用率可能超过100%。特别关注如何计算cpu核心:D 然后让我展示我的榜样:
#!/usr/bin/perl
my $pid=1234; #insert here monitored process PID
#returns current process time counters or single undef if unavailable
#returns: 1. process counter , 2. system counter , 3. total system cpu cores
sub GetCurrentLoads {
my $pid=shift;
my $fh;
my $line;
open $fh,'<',"/proc/$pid/stat" or return undef;
$line=<$fh>;
close $fh;
return undef unless $line=~/^\d+ \([^)]+\) \S \d+ \d+ \d+ \d+ -?\d+ \d+ \d+ \d+ \d+ \d+ (\d+) (\d+)/;
my $TimeApp=$1+$2;
my $TimeSystem=0;
my $CpuCount=0;
open $fh,'<',"/proc/stat" or return undef;
while (defined($line=<$fh>)) {
if ($line=~/^cpu\s/) {
foreach my $nr ($line=~/\d+/g) { $TimeSystem+=$nr; };
next;
};
$CpuCount++ if $line=~/^cpu\d/;
}
close $fh;
return undef if $TimeSystem==0;
return $TimeApp,$TimeSystem,$CpuCount;
}
my ($currApp,$currSys,$lastApp,$lastSys,$cores);
while () {
($currApp,$currSys,$cores)=GetCurrentLoads($pid);
printf "Load is: %5.1f\%\n",($currApp-$lastApp)/($currSys-$lastSys)*$cores*100 if defined $currApp and defined $lastApp and defined $currSys and defined $lastSys;
($lastApp,$lastSys)=($currApp,$currSys);
sleep 1;
}
我希望它可以帮助您进行任何监控。当然你应该使用scanf或其他C函数来转换我用过的任何perl regexpes到C源代码。 当然,1秒睡觉不是强制性的。你可以随时使用。效果是,您将在指定的时间段内获得负担。当你将它用于监控时,当然应该把它放在外面。这是必需的,因为监视通常会定期调用脚本,脚本应该尽快完成他的工作。
答案 8 :(得分:0)
安装psacct
或acct
包。然后使用sa
命令显示用于各种命令的CPU时间。 sa man page
来自nixCraft网站的一个不错的howto。
答案 9 :(得分:0)
我认为值得一看GNU“time”命令源代码。 time 它输出用户/系统CPU时间以及实际经过的时间。它调用wait3 / wait4系统调用(如果可用),否则调用系统调用次数。 wait *系统调用返回“rusage”结构变量,并且系统调用返回“tms”。此外,您还可以查看getrusage系统调用,它也会返回非常有趣的计时信息。 time
答案 10 :(得分:0)
不是从proc解析这个,而是可以使用getrusage()或clock_gettime()等函数,并将cpu使用率计算为cpu上使用的进程/线程的比率或挂钟时间和时间。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
使用strace发现需要按时间段计算CPU使用率:
# top -b -n 1 -p 3889
top - 16:46:37 up 1:04, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.02
Tasks: 1 total, 0 running, 1 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 5594496 total, 5158284 free, 232132 used, 204080 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 3309564 total, 3309564 free, 0 used. 5113756 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
3889 root 20 0 162016 2220 1544 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.77 top
# strace top -b -n 1 -p 3889
.
.
.
stat("/proc/3889", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
open("/proc/3889/stat", O_RDONLY) = 7
read(7, "3889 (top) S 3854 3889 3854 3481"..., 1024) = 342
.
.
.
nanosleep({0, 150000000}, NULL) = 0
.
.
.
stat("/proc/3889", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
open("/proc/3889/stat", O_RDONLY) = 7
read(7, "3889 (top) S 3854 3889 3854 3481"..., 1024) = 342
.
.
.