为什么我在这个java代码中执行read-update-write时没有竞争条件?

时间:2017-05-02 08:42:13

标签: java multithreading runnable race-condition

我的代码有许多线程在没有任何同步的情况下对共享哈希映射进行读取 - 更新 - 写入。我用1000个线程,1M次迭代运行了很多次,所以我希望4个键的最终值大约为250M,但不完全一样,因为更新/写入可能会丢失,因为多个线程由于读取而读取相同的值同时。但是,经过多次试验后,我发现值总是250M,因此没有更新丢失。有人请帮帮我。 FWIW,我正在编写这个玩具应用程序,以便将它与我使用Collections.syncronizedMap进行比较,但是,我需要这个应用程序失败(显示竞争条件)但它似乎总是会产生一个无更新丢失的结果。

  

工作时间:39.496

     

键:0 val:250000000

     

Key:1 val:250000000

     

Key:2 val:250000000

     

Key:3 val:250000000

package threadsafecollections;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class SynchronizedCollectionTask {

    public static int NUM_THREADS = 1000;

    public static class ReadUpdateWrite implements Runnable {

        Map<Integer, Integer> map;
        int threadId;
        public static int NUM_ITERATIONS = 1000000;

        ReadUpdateWrite(Map<Integer, Integer> m, int threadId) {
            this.map = m;
            this.threadId = threadId;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ITERATIONS; i++) {
                int key = threadId % 4;
                Integer val = this.map.get(key);
                map.put(key, val == null ? 1 : val + 1);
            }

            // At this point I expect each key in map to have value of CLOSE TO
            // numThreads * NUM_ITERATIONS / 4 = 250M.  I expect some threads to have
            // both read the same value, and therefore "miss" a write.  For example,
            // thread 4 and 8 both read key = 0 and see value = 3.  Now both thread 
            // increment value to 4, instead of one thread incrementing to 4 and the
            // other incrementing to 5.
        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Map<Integer, Integer> sharedMap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();



        // Initialize threads
        Thread[] readers = new Thread[NUM_THREADS];
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
            readers[i] = new Thread(new ReadUpdateWrite(sharedMap, i));
        }

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // Start threads
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
            readers[i].run();
        }

        // Join threads
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
            readers[i].join();
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("Work took: " + (end - start) / 1000D);

        for (int key : sharedMap.keySet()) {
            System.out.println ("Key: " + key + " val: " + sharedMap.get(key));
        }
    }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

我的祝贺:您编写了线程安全的代码,因为Thread.run()只启动内部Runnable.run,因此您可以按顺序调用所有操作。请改用Thread.start()

这就是Thread.run()的样子:

@Override
public void run() {
    if (target != null) {
        target.run();
    }
}