我有一个基本协议(模型),一些结构符合。它们也符合Hashable
protocol Model {}
struct Contact: Model, Hashable {
var hashValue: Int { return ... }
static func ==(lhs: Contact, rhs: Contact) -> Bool { return ... }
}
struct Address: Model, Hashable {
var hashValue: Int { return ... }
static func ==(lhs: Address, rhs: Address) -> Bool { return ... }
}
我有一个函数,它接受一个符合Model([Model])的对象数组。 如何将[Model]传递给需要Hashables而不使Model Hashable的函数?
func complete(with models: [Model]) {
doSomethingWithHashable(models) //can't do this
}
func doSomethingWithHashable <T:Hashable>(_ objects: [T]) {
//
}
我试图避免这个
protocol Model: Hashable {}
func complete<T:Model>(with models: [T]) {
runComparison(models)
}
因为当我这样做时,我得到“模型不能用作通用约束......”
protocol SomethingElse {
var data: [Model] { get }
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您的代码存在的问题是您正在谈论Model
,它承诺没有关于Hashable
一致性。正如您所指出的那样,告诉编译器有关此问题(即从Model
派生Hashable
)的问题是您失去了根据符合Model
的异构类型进行交谈的能力。
如果您一开始并不关心Model
一致性,那么您可以使用标准库的AnyHashable
类型擦除包装完全随意 Hashable
符合实例。
但是,假设您确实关注Model
一致性,那么您必须为符合Model
和Hashable
的实例构建自己的type-erased wrapper。在my answer here中,我演示了如何为Equatable
符合类型构建类型橡皮擦。那里的逻辑可以很容易地扩展到Hashable
- 我们只需要存储一个额外的函数来返回实例的hashValue
。
例如:
struct AnyHashableModel : Model, Hashable {
static func ==(lhs: AnyHashableModel, rhs: AnyHashableModel) -> Bool {
// forward to both lhs's and rhs's _isEqual in order to determine equality.
// the reason that both must be called is to preserve symmetry for when a
// superclass is being compared with a subclass.
// if you know you're always working with value types, you can omit one of them.
return lhs._isEqual(rhs) || rhs._isEqual(lhs)
}
private let base: Model
private let _isEqual: (_ to: AnyHashableModel) -> Bool
private let _hashValue: () -> Int
init<T : Model>(_ base: T) where T : Hashable {
self.base = base
_isEqual = {
// attempt to cast the passed instance to the concrete type that
// AnyHashableModel was initialised with, returning the result of that
// type's == implementation, or false otherwise.
if let other = $0.base as? T {
return base == other
} else {
return false
}
}
// simply assign a closure that captures base and returns its hashValue
_hashValue = { base.hashValue }
}
var hashValue: Int { return _hashValue() }
}
然后你会这样使用它:
func complete(with models: [AnyHashableModel]) {
doSomethingWithHashable(models)
}
func doSomethingWithHashable<T : Hashable>(_ objects: [T]) {
//
}
let models = [AnyHashableModel(Contact()), AnyHashableModel(Address())]
complete(with: models)
我假设您还希望将其用作Model
要求的包装(假设有一些要求)。或者,您可以公开base
属性并从Model
本身中删除AnyHashableModel
一致性,使调用者访问基础base
符合实例的Model
:< / p>
struct AnyHashableModel : Hashable {
// ...
let base: Model
// ...
}
但请注意,上述类型删除的包装器仅适用于Hashable
和Model
的类型。如果我们想谈谈符合实例Hashable
的其他协议怎么办?
我演示in this Q&A时,更通用的解决方案是接受同时属于Hashable
并符合其他协议的类型 - 其类型由通用占位符表示。
因为目前Swift没有办法表达一个通用的占位符,它必须符合另一个通用占位符给出的协议;此关系必须由具有transform
闭包的调用者定义,以执行必要的upcast。但是,由于Swift 3.1在扩展中接受了具体的相同类型要求,我们可以定义一个便捷初始化器来删除Model
的这个样板(这可以在其他协议类型中重复)。 / p>
例如:
/// Type-erased wrapper for a type that conforms to Hashable,
/// but inherits from/conforms to a type T that doesn't necessarily require
/// Hashable conformance. In almost all cases, T should be a protocol type.
struct AnySpecificHashable<T> : Hashable {
static func ==(lhs: AnySpecificHashable, rhs: AnySpecificHashable) -> Bool {
return lhs._isEqual(rhs) || rhs._isEqual(lhs)
}
let base: T
private let _isEqual: (_ to: AnySpecificHashable) -> Bool
private let _hashValue: () -> Int
init<U : Hashable>(_ base: U, upcast: (U) -> T) {
self.base = upcast(base)
_isEqual = {
if let other = $0.base as? U {
return base == other
} else {
return false
}
}
_hashValue = { base.hashValue }
}
var hashValue: Int { return _hashValue() }
}
// extension for convenience initialiser for when T is Model.
extension AnySpecificHashable where T == Model {
init<U : Model>(_ base: U) where U : Hashable {
self.init(base, upcast: { $0 })
}
}
您现在想要将实例包装在AnySpecificHashable<Model>
:
func complete(with models: [AnySpecificHashable<Model>]) {
doSomethingWithHashable(models)
}
func doSomethingWithHashable<T : Hashable>(_ objects: [T]) {
//
}
let models: [AnySpecificHashable<Model>] = [
AnySpecificHashable(Contact()),
AnySpecificHashable(Address())
]
complete(with: models)