Question

我以为我有这个，但后来一切都崩溃了。我正在开始从中国网站上获取数据的刮刀。当我隔离和打印我正在寻找的元素时，一切正常（“打印元素”和“打印文本”）。但是，当我将这些元素添加到字典然后打印字典（打印持有者）时，一切都在我身上“\ x85 \ xe6 \ xb0”。尝试.encode（'utf-8'）作为追加过程的一部分只会引发新的错误。这可能最终不重要，因为它只是被转储到CSV中，但它使故障排除变得非常困难。当我将元素添加到字典中以搞乱编码时，我在做什么？

谢谢！

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import urllib
#csv is for the csv writer
import csv

#intended data structure is list of dictionaries
# holder = [{'headline': TheHeadline, 'url': TheURL, 'date1': Date1, 'date2': Date2, 'date3':Date3}, {'headline': TheHeadline, 'url': TheURL, 'date1': Date1, 'date2': Date2, 'date3':Date3})


#initiates the dictionary to hold the output

holder = []

txt_contents = "http://sousuo.gov.cn/s.htm?q=&n=80&p=&t=paper&advance=true&title=&content=&puborg=&pcodeJiguan=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91&pcodeYear=2016&pcodeNum=&childtype=&subchildtype=&filetype=&timetype=timeqb&mintime=&maxtime=&sort=pubtime&nocorrect=&sortType=1"

#opens the output doc
output_txt = open("output.txt", "w")

#opens the output doc
output_txt = open("output.txt", "w")

def headliner(url):


    #opens the url for read access
    this_url = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
    #creates a new BS holder based on the URL
    soup = BeautifulSoup(this_url, 'lxml')

    #creates the headline section
    headline_text = ''
    #this bundles all of the headlines
    headline = soup.find_all('h3')
    #for each individual headline....
    for element in headline:
            headline_text += ''.join(element.findAll(text = True)).encode('utf-8').strip()
            #this is necessary to turn the findAll output into text
            print element
            text = element.text.encode('utf-8')
            #prints each headline
            print text
            print "*******"
            #creates the dictionary for just that headline
            temp_dict = {}
            #puts the headline in the dictionary
            temp_dict['headline'] = text

            #appends the temp_dict to the main list
            holder.append(temp_dict)

            output_txt.write(str(text))
            #output_txt.write(holder)

headliner(txt_contents)
print holder

output_txt.close()

Answer 1

编码没有搞砸。它只是表达同一事物的不同方式：

>>> s = '漢字'
>>> s
'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xe5\xad\x97'
>>> print(s)
漢字
>>> s.__repr__()
"'\\xe6\\xbc\\xa2\\xe5\\xad\\x97'"
>>> s.__str__()
'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xe5\xad\x97'
>>> print(s.__repr__())
'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xe5\xad\x97'
>>> print(s.__str__())
漢字

要知道的最后一个难题是当你将一个对象放在一个容器中时，它会打印repr来表示容器内容器中的那些对象：

>>> ls = [s]
>>> print(ls)
['\xe6\xbc\xa2\xe5\xad\x97']

如果我们定义自己的自定义对象，也许会更清楚：

>>> class A(object):
...     def __str__(self):
...         return "str"
...     def __repr__(self):
...         return "repr"
...
>>> A()
repr
>>> print(A())
str
>>> ayes  = [A() for _ in range(5)]
>>> ayes
[repr, repr, repr, repr, repr]
>>> print(ayes[0])
str
>>>

将元素添加到字典中断编码

1 个答案: