我想与更聪明的程序员讨论最近一次采访中提出的这个问题,引导您完成我的方法,并询问您将如何有效地解决这个问题。非常感谢您的见解:)
假设您有一个数组:
arr = [[sam,123],[ram,124],[kris,125],[hen,127],[kris,135], [sam,140],...]
其中每个单元格代表候选名称和时间戳(正在增加并且连续添加新记录)。这个数组可以有数百万条记录。
编写一个函数findWinner(arr,timestamp),它返回获胜者的名字,直到该时间戳,给定时间戳可能在给定数组中,也可能不在给定数组中。打印领带“领带”
我的方法:
方法1:
a. Create a function voteCount(mydict, a) which takes an entry a and stores the count of each candidate in a dictionary and returns a dictionary say mydict
b. Create a function getMax(mydict) which takes the dictionary mydict created and sorts the dictionary with respect to values(count here), checks if there is a repeat (names) with respect to max as one edge case and print out "tie" or prints out the name of the max candidate
c. Create a function findWinner(arr, timestamp) which takes the input array arr, and a given timestamp and iterate through each entry in the array untill the given timestamp and take the name arr[i][0] and call voteCount(mydict, arr[i][0]) on it.
d. After the loop finishes run getMax on mydict and print out the results
I was thinking of memoization in this scenario because there was no space constraints
方法2:
a. Create a datastructure Node with a name and count like the one below:
class Node
attr_accessor :name, :count
def initialize(name,count)
@name = name
@count = count
end
end
b. In the getMax(mydict), take each key value pair as a node in a heap and run a max-heapify function with node.count and print out the root name(For edge case of tie, we can check with root's left child and right child)
答案 0 :(得分:3)
创建SortedMap<Integer, Set<String>>
(例如红黑树),其中键是时间戳,值是该时间戳的获胜者名称。还要创建一个Map<String, Integer>
,其中键是名称,值是分数(初始化为零)。接下来,遍历数组:
SortedMap<Integer, Set<String>> timestampMap = new RedBlackTree()
Map<String, Integer> scoreMap = new HashMap()
Set<String> currentWinners
foreach [name, timestamp] in array {
int currentNameScore = scoreMap.get(name) + 1
scoreMap.put(name, currentNameScore)
int currentWinnerScore = scoreMap.get(currentWinners.first())
if(currentWinners.contains(name) || currentNameScore > currentWinnerScore) {
currentWinners = new Set(name)
} else if(currentWinnerScore == currentNameScore) {
currentWinners = currentWinners.copy().add(name)
}
timestampMap.put(timestamp, currentWinners)
}
您使用Map
来跟踪每个姓名的当前得分,然后您可以确定姓名的得分现在是等于还是超过当前获胜者的得分。查询给定时间戳的SortedMap
(如果给定的密钥不存在,则紧接在时间戳之前)是O(log(n))操作。 (例如,参见SortedMap作为SortedMap
上典型操作的示例。初始化SortedMap
是一个O(n * log(n))操作,因此只有使用它才有意义如果您对数据进行多次查询(否则您的线性搜索更快),这种方法。