如何在python

Question

所以我试图创建一个包含9个图形的3x3盒子，虽然我已经设法通过手动编写每个盒子的代码来完成它，但我想学习如何使用环。我似乎无法弄明白。目前，我使用以下内容：

from matplotlib import gridspec

f, ((ax1, ax2, ax3), (ax4, ax5, ax6), (ax7, ax8, ax9)) = plt.subplots(3, 3, sharex='col', sharey='row')

gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 3)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,20))

fig.text(0.5, .95, 'Constant Slope for [O/Fe]/[Fe/H] for Various R and Z', ha='center', va='center', size = 50)
fig.text(0.5, 0.08, '[Fe/H]', ha='center', va='center', size = 60)
fig.text(0.09, 0.5, '[O/Fe]', ha='center', va='center', rotation='vertical', size = 60)

ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0])
histogram1 = ax1.hist2d(fehsc, ofesc, bins=nbins, range=[[-1,.5],[0.2,0.4]])
counts = histogram1[0]
xpos = histogram1[1]
ypos = histogram1[2]
image = histogram1[3]
newcounts = counts #we're going to iterate over this

for i in range (nbins):
    xin = xpos[i]
    yin = ypos
    yline = m*xin + b
    reset = np.where(yin < yline) #anything less than yline we want to be 0
    #index = index[0:len(index)-1]  
    countout = counts[i]
    countout[reset] = 0
    newcounts[i] = countout
ax1.plot(xarr2, yarr2, color='w', linewidth='5', alpha = 0.3)
ax1.plot(xarr, yarr, color='r')
ax1.set_title('R in [5,7] kpc | Z in [1,2] kpc', size = 20)

ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1])
histogram2 = ax2.hist2d(fehsc2, ofesc2, bins=nbins, range=[[-1,.5],[0.2,0.4]])
counts = histogram2[0]
xpos = histogram2[1]
ypos = histogram2[2]
image = histogram2[3]
newcounts = counts #we're going to iterate over this

for i in range (nbins):
    xin = xpos[i]
    yin = ypos
    yline = m*xin + b
    reset = np.where(yin < yline) #anything less than yline we want to be 0
    #index = index[0:len(index)-1]  
    countout = counts[i]
    countout[reset] = 0
    newcounts[i] = countout
ax2.plot(xarr2, yarr2, color='w', linewidth='5', alpha = 0.3)
ax2.plot(xarr, yarr, color='r')
ax2.set_title('R in [7,9] kpc | Z in [1,2] kpc', size = 20)

依此类推，直到ax9。

我尝试做的是以下内容：

for k in range(1,10):
    ax[k] = plt.subplot(gs[0])
    histogram1 = ax[k].hist2d(fehsc, ofesc, bins=nbins, range=[[-1,.5],[0.2,0.4]])
    counts = histogram1[0]
    xpos = histogram1[1]
    ypos = histogram1[2]
    image = histogram1[3]
    newcounts = counts #we're going to iterate over this

    for i in range (nbins):
        xin = xpos[i]
        yin = ypos
        yline = m*xin + b
        reset = np.where(yin < yline) #anything less than yline we want to be 0
        countout = counts[i]
        countout[reset] = 0
        newcounts[i] = countout
    ax[k].plot(xarr2, yarr2, color='w', linewidth='5', alpha = 0.3)
    ax[k].plot(xarr, yarr, color='r')
    ax[k].set_title('R in [5,7] kpc | Z in [1,2] kpc', size = 20)

因为我想在循环中取ax（k）并一次运行所有九次迭代。但显然这不是方法，或者说不起作用。是否有可能在调用它时采用ax_并在循环中将其从1迭代到9？

Answer 1

迭代许多子图的简单方法是通过

创建它们

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=n, ncols=m)

axes是n行和m列的数组。然后可以独立地遍历行和列，或者在轴阵列的扁平版本上迭代。

后者在此示例中显示：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(11)
y = np.random.rand(len(x), 9)*10

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3,3, sharex=True, sharey=True)

for i, ax in enumerate(axes.flatten()):
    ax.bar(x, y[:,i], color=plt.cm.Paired(i/10.))

plt.show()

Answer 2

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# made some data for you. 
# xx and yy is list of numpy arrays. in your case it will [fehsc1, fehsc3, ...fehsc9] and [ofesc1, ofesc2...ofesc9]
xx =  [np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(9)]
yy =  [np.random.randn(100000) + 5 for i in range(9)]
nbins = 40
m = 1
b = 0.5

f, ax = plt.subplots(3, 3, sharex='col', sharey='row')
# because ax = [[ax0,ax1,ax2],[ax3,ax4,ax5],[ax7,ax8,ax9]], ie list of lists we have unravel it

axr = ax.ravel()
# now axr = [ax0,ax1,ax2,ax3,ax4,ax5,ax7,ax8,ax9]

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,20))

for i in range(len(xx)):
    histogram1 = axr[i].hist2d(xx[i], yy[i], bins=nbins)
    counts = histogram1[0]
    xpos = histogram1[1]
    ypos = histogram1[2]
    image = histogram1[3]
    newcounts = counts #we're going to iterate over this

    for k in range (nbins):
        xin = xpos[k]
        yin = ypos
        yline = m*xin + b
        reset = np.where(yin < yline) #anything less than yline we want to be 0
        #index = index[0:len(index)-1]  
        countout = counts[k]
        countout[reset] = 0
        newcounts[k] = countout
    #axr[i].plot(xarr2, yarr2, color='w', linewidth='5', alpha = 0.3)
plt.show()