在matplotlib底图中绘制状态缩写

Question

我在底图上绘制一些数据，并使用this piece of code在后台使用状态边界：

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, cm
# requires netcdf4-python (netcdf4-python.googlecode.com)
from netCDF4 import Dataset as NetCDFFile
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# plot rainfall from NWS using special precipitation
# colormap used by the NWS, and included in basemap.

nc = NetCDFFile('../../../examples/nws_precip_conus_20061222.nc')
# data from http://water.weather.gov/precip/
prcpvar = nc.variables['amountofprecip']
data = 0.01*prcpvar[:]
latcorners = nc.variables['lat'][:]
loncorners = -nc.variables['lon'][:]
lon_0 = -nc.variables['true_lon'].getValue()
lat_0 = nc.variables['true_lat'].getValue()
# create figure and axes instances
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8))
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8])
# create polar stereographic Basemap instance.
m = Basemap(projection='stere',lon_0=lon_0,lat_0=90.,lat_ts=lat_0,\
            llcrnrlat=latcorners[0],urcrnrlat=latcorners[2],\
            llcrnrlon=loncorners[0],urcrnrlon=loncorners[2],\
            rsphere=6371200.,resolution='l',area_thresh=10000)
# draw coastlines, state and country boundaries, edge of map.
m.drawcoastlines()
m.drawstates()
m.drawcountries()
plt.show()

这是在地图上绘制州名的方法（例如CA for California）吗？

Answer 1

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap as Basemap
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon

short_state_names = {
        'AK': 'Alaska',
        'AL': 'Alabama',
        'AR': 'Arkansas',
        'AS': 'American Samoa',
        'AZ': 'Arizona',
        'CA': 'California',
        'CO': 'Colorado',
        'CT': 'Connecticut',
        'DC': 'District of Columbia',
        'DE': 'Delaware',
        'FL': 'Florida',
        'GA': 'Georgia',
        'GU': 'Guam',
        'HI': 'Hawaii',
        'IA': 'Iowa',
        'ID': 'Idaho',
        'IL': 'Illinois',
        'IN': 'Indiana',
        'KS': 'Kansas',
        'KY': 'Kentucky',
        'LA': 'Louisiana',
        'MA': 'Massachusetts',
        'MD': 'Maryland',
        'ME': 'Maine',
        'MI': 'Michigan',
        'MN': 'Minnesota',
        'MO': 'Missouri',
        'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands',
        'MS': 'Mississippi',
        'MT': 'Montana',
        'NA': 'National',
        'NC': 'North Carolina',
        'ND': 'North Dakota',
        'NE': 'Nebraska',
        'NH': 'New Hampshire',
        'NJ': 'New Jersey',
        'NM': 'New Mexico',
        'NV': 'Nevada',
        'NY': 'New York',
        'OH': 'Ohio',
        'OK': 'Oklahoma',
        'OR': 'Oregon',
        'PA': 'Pennsylvania',
        'PR': 'Puerto Rico',
        'RI': 'Rhode Island',
        'SC': 'South Carolina',
        'SD': 'South Dakota',
        'TN': 'Tennessee',
        'TX': 'Texas',
        'UT': 'Utah',
        'VA': 'Virginia',
        'VI': 'Virgin Islands',
        'VT': 'Vermont',
        'WA': 'Washington',
        'WI': 'Wisconsin',
        'WV': 'West Virginia',
        'WY': 'Wyoming'
}

m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-119,llcrnrlat=22,urcrnrlon=-64,urcrnrlat=49,
            projection='lcc',lat_1=33,lat_2=45,lon_0=-95)
# data from U.S Census Bureau
# http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/st2000.html
shp_info = m.readshapefile('st99_d00','states',drawbounds=True)
printed_names = []
for shapedict,state in zip(m.states_info, m.states):
    short_name = short_state_names.keys()[short_state_names.values().index(shapedict['NAME'])]
    if short_name in printed_names: continue
    # center of polygon
    x, y = np.array(state).mean(axis=0)
    # You have to align x,y manually to avoid overlapping for little states
    plt.text(x+.1, y, short_name, ha="center")
    printed_names += [short_name,] 

m.drawparallels(np.arange(25,65,20),labels=[1,0,0,0])
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-120,-40,20),labels=[0,0,0,1])
plt.title('The United States of North America')
plt.show()

Answer 2

@Serenity答案是正确的，但是应该手动更改应放置缩写的地方以用于某些小状态（例如，查看FL）。

可以在这些点上绘制一个凸包，并使用这些点的平均值，而不是状态多边形的所有点的平均值。这不会改变很多事情，但可能对某人有用。

还有一个问题是某些州有几个小岛屿，我们不在这里绘制它们（当short_name在printed_names中时跳过这些岛屿）。在密歇根州和威斯康星州的情况下，这些岛屿位于主要州之前，因此它们不会被吸引。我查了一下，主要的密歇根州是4号，威斯康星州的号码是3号，所以我们只画了第4个密歇根州和第3个威斯康星州的州名。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap as Basemap
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull, Voronoi
import pdb

short_state_names = {
        'AK': 'Alaska',
        'AL': 'Alabama',
        'AR': 'Arkansas',
        'AS': 'American Samoa',
        'AZ': 'Arizona',
        'CA': 'California',
        'CO': 'Colorado',
        'CT': 'Connecticut',
        'DC': 'District of Columbia',
        'DE': 'Delaware',
        'FL': 'Florida',
        'GA': 'Georgia',
        'GU': 'Guam',
        'HI': 'Hawaii',
        'IA': 'Iowa',
        'ID': 'Idaho',
        'IL': 'Illinois',
        'IN': 'Indiana',
        'KS': 'Kansas',
        'KY': 'Kentucky',
        'LA': 'Louisiana',
        'MA': 'Massachusetts',
        'MD': 'Maryland',
        'ME': 'Maine',
        'MI': 'Michigan',
        'MN': 'Minnesota',
        'MO': 'Missouri',
        'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands',
        'MS': 'Mississippi',
        'MT': 'Montana',
        'NA': 'National',
        'NC': 'North Carolina',
        'ND': 'North Dakota',
        'NE': 'Nebraska',
        'NH': 'New Hampshire',
        'NJ': 'New Jersey',
        'NM': 'New Mexico',
        'NV': 'Nevada',
        'NY': 'New York',
        'OH': 'Ohio',
        'OK': 'Oklahoma',
        'OR': 'Oregon',
        'PA': 'Pennsylvania',
        'PR': 'Puerto Rico',
        'RI': 'Rhode Island',
        'SC': 'South Carolina',
        'SD': 'South Dakota',
        'TN': 'Tennessee',
        'TX': 'Texas',
        'UT': 'Utah',
        'VA': 'Virginia',
        'VI': 'Virgin Islands',
        'VT': 'Vermont',
        'WA': 'Washington',
        'WI': 'Wisconsin',
        'WV': 'West Virginia',
        'WY': 'Wyoming'
}

m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-119,llcrnrlat=22,urcrnrlon=-64,urcrnrlat=49,
            projection='lcc',lat_1=33,lat_2=45,lon_0=-95)
# data from U.S Census Bureau
# http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/st2000.html
shp_info = m.readshapefile('./data/us_states_st99/st99_d00','states',drawbounds=True)
printed_names = []
mi_index = 0
wi_index = 0
for shapedict,state in zip(m.states_info, m.states):
    draw_state_name = True
    short_name = short_state_names.keys()[short_state_names.values().index(shapedict['NAME'])]
    if short_name in printed_names and short_name not in ['MI', 'WI']: 
        continue
    if short_name == 'MI':
        if mi_index != 3:
            draw_state_name = False
        mi_index += 1
    if short_name == 'WI':
        if wi_index != 2:
            draw_state_name = False
        wi_index += 1
    # center of polygon
    x, y = np.array(state).mean(axis=0)
    hull = ConvexHull(state)
    hull_points = np.array(state)[hull.vertices]
    #center of convex hull over the polygon points
    x, y = hull_points.mean(axis=0)
    if draw_state_name:
        # You have to align x,y manually to avoid overlapping for little states
        plt.text(x+.1, y, short_name, ha="center")
    printed_names += [short_name,] 

m.drawparallels(np.arange(25,65,20),labels=[1,0,0,0])
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-120,-40,20),labels=[0,0,0,1])
plt.title('The United States of North America')
plt.show()

如果您关心其他州的其他岛屿，您应该对这些岛屿做类似的事情（例如，不要继续，绘制多边形而不是名称，或者您需要做的任何事情）。