为什么我的Tkinter画布显示?

时间:2017-02-24 19:29:01

标签: python canvas tkinter a-star

我正在尝试使用Tkinter 2d图形用户界面生成星型算法。我修改了以下代码,最初在这里找到了它:

from tkinter import *

class CellGrid(Canvas):
    def __init__(self,master, rowNumber, columnNumber, cellSize, theMap):
        Canvas.__init__(self, master, width = cellSize * columnNumber , height = cellSize * rowNumber)

        self.cellSize = cellSize

        self.grid = []
        for row in range(rowNumber):
            line = []
            for column in range(columnNumber):
                line.append(Cell(self, column, row, cellSize, theMap[row][column]))
            self.grid.append(line)

        print (self.grid[0][0].value)
        self.draw()

    def draw(self):
        for row in self.grid:
            for cell in row:
                cell.draw()

class Cell():
    colors = {
            0: 'white',    # untried
            1: 'black',    # obstacle
            2: 'green',    # start
            3: 'red',      # finish
            4: 'blue',     # open
            5: 'gray',     # closed
            6: 'orange',   # path
         }

    def __init__(self, master, x, y, size, value):
        self.master = master
        self.abs = x
        self.ord = y
        self.size= size
        self.fill = "white"
        self.value = value


    def setValue(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def draw(self):
         if self.master != None :
            if self.value == 0:
                self.fill = self.white
            elif self.value == 1:
                self.fill = self.black
            elif self.value == 2:
                self.fill = self.green
            elif self.value == 3:
                self.fill = self.red
            elif self.value == 4:
                self.fill = self.blue
            elif self.value == 5:
                self.fill = self.gray
            elif self.value == 6:
                self.fill = self.orange

            xmin = self.abs * self.size
            xmax = xmin + self.size
            ymin = self.ord * self.size
            ymax = ymin + self.size

            self.master.create_rectangle(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax, fill = self.fill, outline = "black")

def main():
    Map = [
            [2, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
            [0, 1, 3, 0, 0],
            [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
          ]
    root = Tk()
    c = tk.Canvas(root, height=1000, width=1000, bg='white')
    my_gui = CellGrid(root, len(Map), len(Map[0]), 40, Map)


    root.mainloop()

但是当我去运行它时,没有任何东西显示出来。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

许多小而不小的误解阻碍了 星型算法 的显示。

问题1 - 调用main()功能不完整。

  

正如@avysk建议作为评论,第一个阻塞点是由于   在Python中缺少main()序言。

只需在def main()功能后添加以下代码:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

问题2 - 错误显示主pack()显示错误Canvas

由于未定义tk符号,因此主Canvas应声明如下:

c = Canvas(root, height=1000, width=1000, bg='white')

而不是:

c = tk.Canvas(root, height=1000, width=1000, bg='white')

魔法失踪后的电话是pack()

c.pack() # magic call to display the (1000 x 1000) white canvas

问题3 - 缺少对辅助Canvas显示的调用。

对于主Canvas,它错过了pack()的调用,可以使用两种可能性来显示辅助Canvas

  1. 添加my_gui.pack()以使主Canvas符合辅助Canvas的尺寸,
  2. 或者我的首选解决方案,添加my_gui.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=CENTER)以将辅助Canvas置于主Canvas的中心位置。
  3. 显示辅助Canvas

    my_gui = CellGrid(c, len(Map), len(Map[0]), 40, Map)
    my_gui.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=CENTER)
    

    问题4 - 对Cell::draw()函数中词典使用的误解。

      

    显示的错误为“AttributeError: 'Cell' object has no attribute 'green'”。

    第一个单元格self.grid[0][0].value = 2的值,在绘制单元格时,以下self.fill = self.green会生成错误。

    可以使用三种可能性来解决该错误:

    1. self.fill = self.<color>(7个案例)改为self.fill = '<color>'
    2. 使用声明的字典colors并通过唯一的调用替换7个案例。
    3. 字典的使用可以是(sol 2):

      if 0 <= self.value <= 6: # check if value in range of colors
          self.fill = Cell.colors[self.value]
      

      而不是长if-elif(sol 1):

          if self.value == 0:
              self.fill = 'white' # Error: self.white
          elif self.value == 1:
              self.fill = 'black' # Error: self.black
          elif self.value == 2:
              self.fill = 'green' # Error: self.green
          elif self.value == 3:
              self.fill = 'red' # Error: self.red
          elif self.value == 4:
              self.fill = 'blue' # Error: self.blue
          elif self.value == 5:
              self.fill = 'gray' # Error: self.gray
          elif self.value == 6:
              self.fill = 'orange' # Error: self.orange