Question

我试图在我的Mac上运行PyOpenGL上的glGenVertexArrays（10.11.5）。它找不到它。

问题似乎是我的Mac支持的OpenGL版本（？）。我试图研究这个问题，但似乎文档是为历史书呆子或琐事爱好者写的，我不是。

当我尝试这样做时：

print("OpenGL: " + str(glGetString(GL_VERSION)))
print('glGenVertexArrays Available %s' % bool(glGenVertexArrays))
vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)

我明白了：

OpenGL：2.1 NVIDIA-10.10.10 310.42.25f01

glGenVertexArrays可用错误

Traceback（最近一次调用最后一次）：File＆＃34; _ctypes / callbacks.c＆＃34;，line   315，在呼叫回叫功能＆＃39;文件＆＃34; draw.py＆＃34;，第99行，in   doRedraw       mesh.draw（）File＆＃34; /Users/carlos/vc/SimpleRender/Mesh.py" ;,第170行，正在绘制       vao = glGenVertexArrays（1）File＆＃34; /Users/carlos/.virtualenvs/janus/lib/python2.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py"，   第407行，致电       self。 name ，self。 name ，OpenGL.error.NullFunctionError：尝试调用未定义的函数glGenVertexArrays，检查   调用之前的bool（glGenVertexArrays）

在线的每个人都看到here，或者here似乎没有问题地运行glGenVertexArrays。 This guy似乎遇到了同样的问题，但解决方案向他建议（添加GLUT_PROFILE_3_2_CORE未在我的PyOpenGL中定义）

我做错了什么？

修改

我尝试过pyglet和PyQt5（在python3下运行），它总是归结为缺少glGenVertexArrays。

似乎（网上很多关于此事的错误信息）我需要做的是设置核心配置文件。我怎么做？如果我放弃Python要求会更容易吗？考虑到我并非笨拙，而且我在发布此问题之前已经彻底解决了我的问题。

我有：

我在裸机上运行，而不是虚拟化，没有虚拟机，没有泊坞机。

glxinfo的输出是：

name of display: /private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.RUemSPHKIt/org.macosforge.xquartz:0
display: /private/tmp/com.apple.launchd.RUemSPHKIt/org.macosforge.xquartz:0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: SGI
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_visual_info,
    GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGIS_multisample,
    GLX_SGIX_fbconfig
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness, GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float,
    GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample,
    GLX_EXT_buffer_age, GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile,
    GLX_EXT_create_context_es_profile, GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float,
    GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer,
    GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_make_current_read,
    GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating,
    GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_OML_swap_method,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig
OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: NVIDIA GeForce GT 750M OpenGL Engine
OpenGL version string: 2.1 NVIDIA-10.10.10 310.42.25f01
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.20
OpenGL extensions:
    GL_APPLE_aux_depth_stencil, GL_APPLE_client_storage,
    GL_APPLE_element_array, GL_APPLE_fence, GL_APPLE_float_pixels,
    GL_APPLE_flush_buffer_range, GL_APPLE_flush_render,
    GL_APPLE_object_purgeable, GL_APPLE_packed_pixels, GL_APPLE_pixel_buffer,
    GL_APPLE_rgb_422, GL_APPLE_row_bytes, GL_APPLE_specular_vector,
    GL_APPLE_texture_range, GL_APPLE_transform_hint,
    GL_APPLE_vertex_array_object, GL_APPLE_vertex_array_range,
    GL_APPLE_vertex_point_size, GL_APPLE_vertex_program_evaluators,
    GL_APPLE_ycbcr_422, GL_ARB_color_buffer_float, GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float,
    GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
    GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex, GL_ARB_draw_instanced,
    GL_ARB_fragment_program, GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow,
    GL_ARB_fragment_shader, GL_ARB_framebuffer_object,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_ARB_half_float_pixel,
    GL_ARB_half_float_vertex, GL_ARB_imaging, GL_ARB_instanced_arrays,
    GL_ARB_multisample, GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_occlusion_query,
    GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object, GL_ARB_point_parameters, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
    GL_ARB_provoking_vertex, GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map, GL_ARB_shader_objects,
    GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod, GL_ARB_shading_language_100, GL_ARB_shadow,
    GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp, GL_ARB_texture_compression,
    GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc, GL_ARB_texture_cube_map,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_add, GL_ARB_texture_env_combine,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar, GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3,
    GL_ARB_texture_float, GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat,
    GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, GL_ARB_texture_rectangle,
    GL_ARB_texture_rg, GL_ARB_transpose_matrix, GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_ARB_vertex_blend, GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_program,
    GL_ARB_vertex_shader, GL_ARB_window_pos, GL_ATI_separate_stencil,
    GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3, GL_ATI_texture_float,
    GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once, GL_EXT_abgr, GL_EXT_bgra,
    GL_EXT_bindable_uniform, GL_EXT_blend_color,
    GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_blend_func_separate,
    GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_blend_subtract, GL_EXT_clip_volume_hint,
    GL_EXT_debug_label, GL_EXT_debug_marker, GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test,
    GL_EXT_draw_buffers2, GL_EXT_draw_range_elements, GL_EXT_fog_coord,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit, GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled, GL_EXT_framebuffer_object,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_EXT_geometry_shader4,
    GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters, GL_EXT_gpu_shader4,
    GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays, GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_EXT_packed_float, GL_EXT_provoking_vertex, GL_EXT_rescale_normal,
    GL_EXT_secondary_color, GL_EXT_separate_specular_color,
    GL_EXT_shadow_funcs, GL_EXT_stencil_two_side, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap,
    GL_EXT_texture_array, GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc, GL_EXT_texture_env_add,
    GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic, GL_EXT_texture_integer,
    GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias, GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp,
    GL_EXT_texture_rectangle, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode,
    GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, GL_EXT_timer_query,
    GL_EXT_transform_feedback, GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip, GL_NV_blend_square, GL_NV_conditional_render,
    GL_NV_depth_clamp, GL_NV_fog_distance, GL_NV_fragment_program2,
    GL_NV_fragment_program_option, GL_NV_light_max_exponent,
    GL_NV_multisample_filter_hint, GL_NV_point_sprite,
    GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_barrier,
    GL_NV_vertex_program2_option, GL_NV_vertex_program3,
    GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap, GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp, GL_SGIS_texture_lod

128 GLX Visuals
...

Answer 1

首先，我建议每次使用Opengl函数时，检查运行它所需的opengl版本没有问题，例如，如果我们查看glGenVertexArrays我们＆＃39;我看你需要Opengl＆gt; = 3.0。现在，您在执行glGetString（GL_VERSION）时获得2.1版本的原因要么是因为您有一张非常旧的卡（不太可能），要么是因为您尚未启用Opengl核心配置文件。一旦你这样做，你应该看到正确的Opengl版本并运行现代的Opengl功能，例如你要求的那个。

在某些情况下，例如使用pyqt opengl小部件，上下文设置将在窗帘后面为您完成...或者，当您提及如果您使用过剩时，将会有一个功能

一种方法是手动启用核心配置文件，如果你是一名初学者，如果你只是想使用opengl而没有太多的hang，我可以推荐在pyopengl上使用一些东西，比如pyqt，pyglet，过剩，pygame ......有很多包装器，你不会发现自己在进行手动设置。下面你将找到一个简单的例子，它使用了PyQt5（pip install PyQt5）附带的QGlWidget，它应该是开箱即用的：

import textwrap
import sys
import time
import ctypes
from array import array

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtOpenGL import QGLWidget
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *


class FooOpengl(QGLWidget):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # Test to show how at this point Opengl Context setup hasn't been done
        # and therefore will crash
        print('{:*^80}'.format('Opengl Context not ready'))
        try:
            print(self._opengl_info())
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

        self.start_time = time.clock()
        self.startTimer(0)

    def initializeGL(self):
        # Test to show how at this point Opengl Context is ready to go
        print('{:*^80}'.format('Opengl Context ready'))
        print(self._opengl_info())

        # Shaders: Trivial program
        vs_source = textwrap.dedent("""
            #version 330
            in vec3 position;
            void main()
            {
               gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);
            }\
        """)

        fs_source = textwrap.dedent("""
            #version 330
            void main()
            {
               gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            }\
        """)

        vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
        glShaderSource(vs, vs_source)
        glCompileShader(vs)
        fs = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
        glShaderSource(fs, fs_source)
        glCompileShader(fs)

        self.program = glCreateProgram()
        glAttachShader(self.program, fs)
        glAttachShader(self.program, vs)
        glLinkProgram(self.program)

        vertices = [
            0.0, 0.5, 0.0,
            0.5, -0.5, 0.0,
            -0.5, -0.5, 0.0
        ]

        vbo = glGenBuffers(1)
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo)

        self.vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
        glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
        position = glGetAttribLocation(self.program, 'position')
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(position)
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            position, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))

        glBufferData(
            GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, array("f", vertices).tostring(), GL_STATIC_DRAW)
        glBindVertexArray(0)
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(position)
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)

    def timerEvent(self, event):
        elapsed = time.clock() - self.start_time
        self.repaint()

    def paintGL(self):
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        glLoadIdentity()
        glUseProgram(self.program)

        glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3)
        glBindVertexArray(0)

        glUseProgram(0)

    def _opengl_info(self):
        return textwrap.dedent("""\
            Vendor: {0}
            Renderer: {1}
            OpenGL Version: {2}
            Shader Version: {3}
            Num Extensions: {4}
            Extensions: {5}
        """).format(
            glGetString(GL_VENDOR).decode("utf-8"),
            glGetString(GL_RENDERER).decode("utf-8"),
            glGetString(GL_VERSION).decode("utf-8"),
            glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION).decode("utf-8"),
            glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_EXTENSIONS),
            glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS)
        )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = FooOpengl()
    ex.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

它只是一个简单的测试，它可以显示当上下文准备就绪时会发生什么，什么时候没有，也会给你一些关于vbo + vao +着色器使用的额外糖果，它应该会给你类似的东西对此：

这应该可以让你开始...正如我所说的，在opengl上有很多包装器，如果不是pyglet，pygame是python社区中非常着名的包装器很酷的功能。

glGenVertexArrays Mac OSX PyOpenGL

1 个答案: