我试图测量线程切换开销时间。 我有两个线程,一个共享变量,一个互斥锁和两个条件变量。两个线程将来回切换以向共享变量写入1或0。
我假设pthread_cond_wait(& cond,& mutex)等待时间大约等于2 x线程上下文切换时间。因为如果thread1必须等待条件变量,它必须放弃对thread2-> thread2上下文切换 - >的互斥锁。 thread2执行其任务并发出条件变量信号以唤醒第一个线程 - > 上下文切换回thread1 - > thread1重新获取锁定。
我的假设是否正确?
我的代码如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
int var = 0;
int setToZero = 1;
int count = 5000;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t isZero = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t isOne = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
struct timespec firstStart;
unsigned long long timespecDiff(struct timespec *timeA_p, struct timespec *timeB_p)
{
return ((timeA_p->tv_sec * 1000000000) + timeA_p->tv_nsec) -
((timeB_p->tv_sec * 1000000000) + timeB_p->tv_nsec);
}
void* thread1(void* param)
{
int rc;
struct timespec previousStart;
struct timespec start; //start timestamp
struct timespec stop; //stop timestamp
unsigned long long result;
int idx = 0;
int measurements[count];
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &stop);
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&firstStart);
printf("first context-switch time:%llu\n", result);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &previousStart);
while(count > 0){
//acquire lock
rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&start);
while(setToZero){
pthread_cond_wait(&isOne,&mutex); // use condition variables so the threads don't busy wait inside local cache
}
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&stop);
var = 0;
count--;
setToZero = 1;
//printf("in thread1\n");
pthread_cond_signal(&isZero);
//end of critical section
rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); //release lock
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&start);
measurements[idx] = result;
idx++;
}
result = 0;
int i = 0;
while(i < idx)
{
result += measurements[i++];
}
result = result /(2*idx);
printf("thread1 result: %llu\n",result);
}
void* thread2(void* param)
{
int rc;
struct timespec previousStart;
struct timespec start; //start timestamp
struct timespec stop; //stop timestamp
unsigned long long result;
int idx = 0;
int measurements[count];
while(count > 0){
//acquire lock
rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&start);
while(!setToZero){
pthread_cond_wait(&isZero,&mutex);
}
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&stop);
var = 1;
count--;
setToZero = 0;
//printf("in thread2\n");
pthread_cond_signal(&isOne);
//end of critical section
rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); //release lock
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&start);
measurements[idx] = result;
idx++;
}
result = 0;
int i = 0;
while(i < idx)
{
result += measurements[i++];
}
result = result /(2*idx);
printf("thread2 result: %llu\n",result);
}
int main(){
pthread_t threads[2];
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&firstStart);
pthread_create(&threads[0],&attr,thread1,NULL);
pthread_create(&threads[1],&attr,thread2,NULL);
printf("waiting...\n");
pthread_join(threads[0],NULL);
pthread_join(threads[1],NULL);
pthread_cond_destroy(&isOne);
pthread_cond_destroy(&isZero);
}
我得到以下时间:
first context-switch time:144240
thread1 result: 3660
thread2 result: 3770
答案 0 :(得分:0)
你说:
我假设pthread_cond_wait(&amp; cond,&amp; mutex)等待时间大约等于2 x线程上下文切换时间。
这不是一个有效的假设。释放互斥锁后,会通知内核,然后内核必须唤醒其他线程。它可能不会选择立即执行此操作,例如,如果有其他线程等待运行。互斥 - 顾名思义 - 保证什么时候不发生。它不能保证什么时候会。
您不能期望从流程中可靠地测量上下文切换,当然也不会使用Posix API,因为没有人会承诺这样做。
在Linux上,您可以使用/proc/[pid]/status
计算进程或线程的上下文切换。
在Windows上,此信息可从Performance Monitor API获得。
这些中的任何一个是否会让你朝着你的目标前进,我不知道。我怀疑你真正想知道的是多线程系统对性能有多大影响,但这需要你测量整个应用程序的性能。