我已经搜索了经过验证的u-boot的演示文稿和文档,并提出了几个问题。我会尝试让任何用户走过我所在的地方,因为我怀疑我并不是唯一一个在验证u-boot过程中遇到一些困难的人。
我有一个已编译的zImage,它有一个可用的外部DTB,无需验证即可使用。它启动并工作(让我们称之为normal-board.dts)
其次,我使用以下配置条目编译u-boot:
CONFIG_ARM=y
CONFIG_ARCH_AT91=y
CONFIG_TARGET_AT91SAM9260EK=y
CONFIG_SYS_EXTRA_OPTIONS="AT91SAM9G20,SYS_USE_DATAFLASH_CS1"
CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT="#> "
# CONFIG_CMD_BDI is not set
CONFIG_CMD_IMI=y
# CONFIG_CMD_IMLS is not set
# CONFIG_CMD_LOADS is not set
# CONFIG_CMD_FPGA is not set
# CONFIG_CMD_SOURCE is not set
CONFIG_CMD_SETEXPR=y
CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE="myboard"
CONFIG_CMD_MMC=y
CONFIG_CMD_FAT=y
CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS=y
CONFIG_RSA=y
CONFIG_FIT=y
CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE=y
CONFIG_OF_CONTROL=y
我的主板有一个类似于:
的分区方案... boot strap, uboot and env
0xD00084000 (zImage)
0xD0020AA00 (normal-board.dtb)
The rootfs is on NAND (external to this chip)
可以使用以下命令在标准配置中引导设备:
cp.b 0xD0084000 0x22000000 0x186A00;cp.b 0xD020AA00 0x28000000 0x61A8;bootm 0x22000000 - 0x28000000
此时,我已经重新编译了u-boot,但命名法有点令人困惑,因为有几个元素。
看到有一个uboot控件FIT FDT,这需要它自己的分区吗?并且FIT DTB是否与工作内核DTB相同(只是闪存而不是非FIT)???
接下来,鉴于这个脚本,我开始从各种文档和幻灯片中挖掘出来,我们可以看到u-boot。{dts,dtb}是控件FDT,ITS文件是合适的(我假设它与normal-board.dts相同,但是添加了一个FIT节点。
EG。 U形boot.dts
/dts-v1/;
/ {
model = "Keys";
compatible = "myboard";
signature {
dev_key {
required = "conf";
algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
key-name-hint = "dev_key";
};
};
};
现在我的示例DTS for myboard with the FIT部分:
/dts-v1/;
/ {
description = "Linux kernel2";
#address-cells = <1>;
images {
kernel@1 {
description = "Linux kernel";
data = /incbin/("../linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage");
arch = "arm";
os = "linux";
type = "kernel_noload";
compression = "none";
load = <0x80080000>;
entry = <0x80080000>;
kernel-version = <1>;
hash@1 {
algo = "sha1";
};
};
};
configurations {
default = "conf@1";
conf@1 {
description = "Boot Linux kernel";
kernel = "kernel@1";
signature@1 {
algo = "sha1, rsa2048 ";
key-name-hint = "dev_key";
sign-images = "kernel";
};
};
};
};
但是,whatImage到底是什么(见下面的脚本 - 这是来自示例)?是zImage吗?我找不到任何描述它的第一次提及的文件 - 它来自哪里等等......或者它是由ITS内部的引用产生的输出?
#!/bin/bash
key_dir=/tmp/keys
key_name=dev_key
FIT_IMG="fitImage"
rm -rf ${key_dir}
mkdir ${key_dir}
MKIMG="/home/dev/lede/staging_dir/host/bin/mkimage"
DTC="/usr/bin/dtc"
#Generate a private signing key (RSA2048):
openssl genrsa -F4 -out \
"${key_dir}"/"${key_name}".key 2048
# Generate a public key:
openssl req -batch -new -x509 \
-key "${key_dir}"/"${key_name}".key \
-out "${key_dir}"/"${key_name}".crt
# Control FDT (u-boot.dts) - hits uboot to have keys etc...
CTRL_FDT="u-boot.dts"
# FIT image ITS - describes the node
FIT_ITS="fit-image.its"
#Assemble control FDT for U-Boot with space for public key:
$DTC -p 0x1000 $CTRL_FDT -O dtb -o u-boot.dtb
# Generate fitImage with space for signature:
$MKIMG -D "-I dts -O dtb -p 2000" \
-f f$FIT_ITS $FIT_IMG
# Sign fitImage and add public key into u-boot.dtb:
$MKIMG -D "-I dts -O dtb -p 2000" -F \
-k "${key dir}" -K u-boot.dtb -r $FIT_IMG
# Signing subsequent fitImage:
$MKIMG -D "-I dts -O dtb -p 2000" \
-k "${key dir}" -f $FIT_ITS -r $FIT_IMG
Iminfo让我走到这一步:
#> iminfo
## Checking Image at 20000000 ...
FIT image found
FIT description: Configuration to load a Basic Kernel
Image 0 (linux_kernel@1)
Description: Linux zImage
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: uncompressed
Data Start: 0x200000dc
Data Size: 1465544 Bytes = 1.4 MiB
Architecture: ARM
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x20000000
Entry Point: 0x20008000
Hash node: 'hash@1'
Hash algo: sha256
Hash value: bf1d62a9ac777310746c443f2500cf197967f1e7c9cb56ff5c33206670e12d8f
Hash len: 32
Image 1 (fdt@1)
Description: FDT blob
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Start: 0x20165ea4
Data Size: 21681 Bytes = 21.2 KiB
Architecture: ARM
Hash node: 'hash@1'
Hash algo: sha256
Hash value: c7f32d039871d858dda8d397c3b6a685bc914c78cf70f03d1860f61ecfe9c689
Hash len: 32
Default Configuration: 'config@1'
Configuration 0 (config@1)
Description: Plain Linux
Kernel: linux_kernel@1
FDT: fdt@1
## Checking hash(es) for FIT Image at 20000000 ...
Hash(es) for Image 0 (linux_kernel@1): sha256+
Hash(es) for Image 1 (fdt@1): sha256+
准备好zImage(这可能是错误的方式)
mkimage -A arm -O linux -C none -T kernel -a 0x22000000 -e 0x22008000 -n linux-4.4.36 \
-d $(KDIR)/zImage $(BIN_DIR)/$(IMG_PREFIX)-zImage-nDTB
即使按照以下方式(我似乎得到了这个,我该怎么做地址 - 是问题的重新分配部分?例如fdt_high变量?)
#> bootm 0x23000000
## Current stack ends at 0x23f119b8 * kernel: cmdline image address = 0x23000000
## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 23000000 ...
No configuration specified, trying default...
Found default configuration: 'config@1'
Using 'config@1' configuration
Trying 'linux_kernel@1' kernel subimage
Description: Linux zImage
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: uncompressed
Data Start: 0x230000dc
Data Size: 1465544 Bytes = 1.4 MiB
Architecture: ARM
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x23000000
Entry Point: 0x23000000
Hash node: 'hash@1'
Hash algo: sha256
Hash value: bb397db1ec90ec8526c6d215c9ded2a1357a258c2145f97fda9898e810e847d7
Hash len: 32
Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha256+ OK
kernel data at 0x230000dc, len = 0x00165cc8 (1465544)
* ramdisk: using config 'config@1' from image at 0x23000000
* ramdisk: no 'ramdisk' in config
* fdt: using config 'config@1' from image at 0x23000000
## Checking for 'FDT'/'FDT Image' at 23000000
## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 23000000 ...
Using 'config@1' configuration
Trying 'fdt@1' fdt subimage
Description: FDT blob
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Start: 0x23165ea4
Data Size: 21681 Bytes = 21.2 KiB
Architecture: ARM
Hash node: 'hash@1'
Hash algo: sha256
Hash value: c7f32d039871d858dda8d397c3b6a685bc914c78cf70f03d1860f61ecfe9c689
Hash len: 32
Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha256+ OK
Can't get 'load' property from FIT 0x23000000, node: offset 1465916, name fdt@1 (FDT_ERR_NOTFOUND)
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x23165ea4
of_flat_tree at 0x23165ea4 size 0x000054b1
Initial value for argc=3
Final value for argc=3
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
CACHE: Misaligned operation at range [23000000, 23165cc8]
kernel loaded at 0x23000000, end = 0x23165cc8
images.os.start = 0x23000000, images.os.end = 0x2316c911
images.os.load = 0x23000000, load_end = 0x23165cc8
ERROR: new format image overwritten - must RESET the board to recover
答案 0 :(得分:3)
所以,上面的问题有很多,我会尝试回答一些有助于清理问题的事情:
答案 1 :(得分:1)
经过大量的工时学习,阅读和尝试 - 我创建了一篇完整的博客文章,介绍了验证uboot的工作原理,以及DTB(两种形式)在构建最终图像时如何组合在一起。
然而,要注意的关键事项确实是汤姆所说的,这里还有一些(在引用我的文章后):
这是一个有趣的过程:)