民间,
遇到了一个问题......发现这个问题......我正在修改它,只是把它搞定了。
给定一组整数(范围0-500),找到两个子集之和之间的最小差异,这两个子集可以通过几乎相等地分割它们来形成。 (假设整数计数为n,如果n为偶数,则每组必须有n / 2个元素,如果n为奇数,则一组具有(n-1)/ 2个元素,其他具有(n + 1)/ 2个元素)
样品输入:1 2 3 4 5 6
最小差异= 1(子集为1 4 6和2 3 5)
样本输入2:[1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2]
最小差异= 0(子集为1 1 2 2和1 1 2 2)
是否有解决此问题的DP方法。
谢谢你们......
...拉吉
答案 0 :(得分:9)
这个问题看起来几乎就像“平衡分区”。
您可以使用DP方法构建解决平衡分区的伪多项式时间算法。请参阅http://people.csail.mit.edu/bdean/6.046/dp/
上的问题7听起来你可能有类似的方法。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
我最近使用c ++中的动态编程解决了这个问题。我没有修改代码来回答你的问题。但是应该改变一些常量和一些代码。
下面的代码读取并解决了N个问题。每个问题都有一些人(在你的情况下是整数)和它们的权重(整数值)。此代码尝试将集合拆分为2组,差异最小。
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_PEOPLE 100
#define MAX_WEIGHT 450
#define MAX_WEIGHT_SUM MAX_PEOPLE*MAX_WEIGHT
using namespace std;
int weights[MAX_PEOPLE];
//bool table[MAX_PEOPLE + 1][MAX_WEIGHT_SUM + 1];
bool** create2D(int x, int y) {
bool **array = new bool*[x];
for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) {
array[i] = new bool[y];
memset(array[i], 0, sizeof(bool)*y);
}
return array;
}
void delete2D(int x, int y, bool **array) {
for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) {
delete[] array[i];
}
delete[] array;
}
void memset2D(int x, int y, bool **array) {
for(int i = 0; i < x; ++i)
memset(array[i], 0, sizeof(bool)*y);
}
int main(void) {
int n, N, W, maxDiff, teamWeight, temp;
int minWeight = MAX_WEIGHT, maxWeight = -1;
cin >> N;
while(N--) {
cin >> n;
W = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cin >> weights[i];
if(weights[i] < minWeight)
minWeight = weights[i];
if(weights[i] > maxWeight)
maxWeight = weights[i];
W += weights[i];
}
int maxW = maxWeight + (W>>1);
int maxn = n>>1;
int index = 0;
/*
table[j][i] = 1 if a team of j people can form i weight
from K people, where k is implicit in loop
table[j][i] = table[j-1][i-weight[j]] if i-weight[j] >=0
*/
bool **table = create2D(maxn+1, maxW+1);
//memset2D(maxn+1, maxW+1, table);
//memset(table, 0, sizeof(table));
table[0][0] = true;
/* for k people what can be formed?*/
for(int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
/* forming team of size j out of k people*/
for(int j = min(k, maxn) ; j >= 1; --j) {
/* using j people out of k, can I make weight i?*/
for(int i = maxW; i >=minWeight ; --i) {
if (table[j][i] == false) {
/*do not consider k if more than allowable*/
index = i - weights[k];
if (index < 0) break;
/*if without adding k, we can make the weight
limit with less than one person then one can
also make weight limit by adding k.*/
table[j][i] = table[j-1][index];
} /*outer if ends here*/
} /* ith loop */
} /* jth loop */
} /* kth loop */
maxDiff = MAX_WEIGHT_SUM ;
teamWeight = 0;
for(int i = 0; i <= maxW; ++i) {
if (table[n/2][i]) {
temp = abs(abs(W - i) - i);
if (temp < maxDiff) {
maxDiff = temp;
teamWeight = i;
}
}
}
delete2D(n+1, maxW+1, table);
teamWeight = min(teamWeight, W-teamWeight);
cout << teamWeight << " " << W - teamWeight << endl;
if(N)
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
考虑这个问题的一个好方法是,如果您有解决此问题的DP解决方案,您可以使用它在P时间内回答子集总和吗?如果是这样,那么您的DP解决方案可能不正确。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
这似乎是Partition problem的一个实例,它是NP-Complete。
根据维基百科的文章,有一个伪多项式时间动态规划解决方案。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我用C ++编写了这个程序,假设最大总和可能是10000。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
typedef vector<int> VecInt;
typedef vector<int>::size_type VecSize;
typedef vector<int>::iterator VecIter;
class BalancedPartition {
public:
bool doBalancePartition(const vector<int>*const & inList, int sum) {
int localSum = 0, j;
bool ret = false;
int diff = INT_MAX, ans=0;
for(VecSize i=0; i<inList->size(); ++i) {
cout<<(*inList)[i]<<"\t";
}
cout<<endl;
for(VecSize i=0; i<inList->size(); ++i) {
localSum += (*inList)[i];
}
M.reset(new vector<int>(localSum+1, 0));
(*M)[0] = 1;
cout<<"local sum "<<localSum<<" size of M "<<M->size()<<endl;
for(VecSize k=0; k<inList->size(); ++k) {
for(j=localSum; j>=(*inList)[k]; --j) {
(*M)[j] = (*M)[j]|(*M)[j-(*inList)[k]];
if((*M)[j]) {
if(diff > abs(localSum/2 -j)) {
diff = abs(localSum/2 -j);
ans = j;
}
}
}
}
mMinDiffSubSumPossible = abs(localSum - 2*ans);
return ret;
}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const BalancedPartition& bp) {
out<<"Min diff "<<bp.mMinDiffSubSumPossible;
return out;
}
BalancedPartition(): mIsSumPossible(false), mMinDiffSubSumPossible(INT_MAX) {
}
private:
shared_ptr<vector<int> > M;
bool mIsSumPossible;
int mMinDiffSubSumPossible;
static const int INT_MAX = 10000;
};
int main(void) {
shared_ptr<BalancedPartition> bp(new BalancedPartition());
int arr[] = {4, 12, 13, 24, 35, 45};
vector<int> inList(arr, arr + sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]));
bp->doBalancePartition(&inList, 0);
cout<<*bp;
return 0;
}
答案 5 :(得分:-1)
from random import uniform
l=[int(uniform(0, 500)) for x in xrange(15)]
l.sort()
a=[]
b=[]
a.append(l.pop())
while l:
if len(a) > len(b):
b.append(l.pop())
elif len(b) > len(a):
a.append(l.pop())
elif sum(a) > sum(b):
b.append(l.pop())
else:
a.append(l.pop())
print a, b
print sum(a), sum(b)
print len(a), len(b)
下一步我会尝试从相对的列表中找到一对数字,其差异的一半是差值(或接近那个)并交换它们。