我尝试使用并行抢先式调度来编写IMP语言的功能语义,如以下paper的第4部分所述。
我使用的是Agda 2.5.2和标准库0.13。此外,整个代码可在以下gist获得。
首先,我已将相关语言的语法定义为归纳类型。
data Exp (n : ℕ) : Set where
$_ : ℕ → Exp n
Var : Fin n → Exp n
_⊕_ : Exp n → Exp n → Exp n
data Stmt (n : ℕ) : Set where
skip : Stmt n
_≔_ : Fin n → Exp n → Stmt n
_▷_ : Stmt n → Stmt n → Stmt n
iif_then_else_ : Exp n → Stmt n → Stmt n → Stmt n
while_do_ : Exp n → Stmt n → Stmt n
_∥_ : Stmt n → Stmt n → Stmt n
atomic : Stmt n → Stmt n
await_do_ : Exp n → Stmt n → Stmt n
状态只是自然数的向量,表达语义很简单。
σ_ : ℕ → Set
σ n = Vec ℕ n
⟦_,_⟧ : ∀ {n} → Exp n → σ n → ℕ
⟦ $ n , s ⟧ = n
⟦ Var v , s ⟧ = lookup v s
⟦ e ⊕ e' , s ⟧ = ⟦ e , s ⟧ + ⟦ e' , s ⟧
然后,我定义了恢复的类型,这是某种延迟计算。
data Res (n : ℕ) : Set where
ret : (st : σ n) → Res n
δ : (r : ∞ (Res n)) → Res n
_∨_ : (l r : ∞ (Res n)) → Res n
yield : (s : Stmt n)(st : σ n) → Res n
接下来,在1之后,我定义语句的顺序和并行执行
evalSeq : ∀ {n} → Stmt n → Res n → Res n
evalSeq s (ret st) = yield s st
evalSeq s (δ r) = δ (♯ (evalSeq s (♭ r)))
evalSeq s (l ∨ r) = ♯ evalSeq s (♭ l) ∨ ♯ evalSeq s (♭ r)
evalSeq s (yield s' st) = yield (s ▷ s') st
evalParL : ∀ {n} → Stmt n → Res n → Res n
evalParL s (ret st) = yield s st
evalParL s (δ r) = δ (♯ evalParL s (♭ r))
evalParL s (l ∨ r) = ♯ evalParL s (♭ l) ∨ ♯ evalParL s (♭ r)
evalParL s (yield s' st) = yield (s ∥ s') st
evalParR : ∀ {n} → Stmt n → Res n → Res n
evalParR s (ret st) = yield s st
evalParR s (δ r) = δ (♯ evalParR s (♭ r))
evalParR s (l ∨ r) = ♯ evalParR s (♭ l) ∨ ♯ evalParR s (♭ r)
evalParR s (yield s' st) = yield (s' ∥ s) st
到目前为止,这么好。接下来,我需要与恢复中关闭(执行暂停计算)的操作相互定义语句评估函数。
mutual
close : ∀ {n} → Res n → Res n
close (ret st) = ret st
close (δ r) = δ (♯ close (♭ r))
close (l ∨ r) = ♯ close (♭ l) ∨ ♯ close (♭ r)
close (yield s st) = δ (♯ eval s st)
eval : ∀ {n} → Stmt n → σ n → Res n
eval skip st = ret st
eval (x ≔ e) st = δ (♯ (ret (st [ x ]≔ ⟦ e , st ⟧ )))
eval (s ▷ s') st = evalSeq s (eval s' st)
eval (iif e then s else s') st with ⟦ e , st ⟧
...| zero = δ (♯ yield s' st)
...| suc n = δ (♯ yield s st)
eval (while e do s) st with ⟦ e , st ⟧
...| zero = δ (♯ ret st)
...| suc n = δ (♯ yield (s ▷ while e do s) st )
eval (s ∥ s') st = (♯ evalParR s' (eval s st)) ∨ (♯ evalParL s (eval s' st))
eval (atomic s) st = {!!} -- δ (♯ close (eval s st))
eval (await e do s) st = {!!}
当我尝试填充eval
atomic
构造函数的δ (♯ close (eval s st))
等式中的eval
方程时,Agda的整体检查程序会抱怨close
表示终止检查在δ (♯ close (eval s st))
中的几个点都失败了1}}和<div id="button>"[stripe name="My Store" description="My Product" amount="1999" billing="true" shipping="true"]</div>
<style>
#button {
text-align: center;
margin: auto;
}
</style>
功能。
我对这个问题的疑问是:
1)为什么Agda终止检查抱怨这些定义?在我看来,调用<script type="text/javascript">
function saveData(){
var modsubj = $('#modalsubject').val();
var modsect = $('#modalsection').val();
var modstart = $('#modalstarttime').val();
var modend = $('#modalendtime').val();
var modday = $('#modalday').val();
var user = $('#userID').val();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "modal.funcs.php?p=add",
data: "subj="+modsubj+"§="+modsect+"&start="+modstart+"&end="+modend+"&day="+modday+"&user="+user
}
</script>
很好,因为它完成了
在一个结构较小的声明中。
2)Current Agda's language documentation说这种基于音乐符号的共同演绎是&#34;老路&#34; Agda中的coinduction。它建议使用 coinductive记录和copatterns。我环顾四周,但我无法找到除了溪流和延迟monad之外的copatterns的例子。我的问题:是否有可能使用共同记录和copatterns来表示恢复?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
说服Agda这种终止的方法是使用大小的类型。这样,您就可以证明close x
至少与x
一样明确。
首先,这里是基于共同记录和大小类型的Res
的定义:
mutual
record Res (n : ℕ) {sz : Size} : Set where
coinductive
field resume : ∀ {sz' : Size< sz} → ResCase n {sz'}
data ResCase (n : ℕ) {sz : Size} : Set where
ret : (st : σ n) → ResCase n
δ : (r : Res n {sz}) → ResCase n
_∨_ : (l r : Res n {sz}) → ResCase n
yield : (s : Stmt n) (st : σ n) → ResCase n
open Res
然后你可以证明evalSeq
和朋友保留大小:
evalStmt : ∀ {n sz} → (Stmt n → Stmt n → Stmt n) → Stmt n → Res n {sz} → Res n {sz}
resume (evalStmt _⊗_ s res) with resume res
resume (evalStmt _⊗_ s _) | ret st = yield s st
resume (evalStmt _⊗_ s _) | δ x = δ (evalStmt _⊗_ s x)
resume (evalStmt _⊗_ s _) | l ∨ r = evalStmt _⊗_ s l ∨ evalStmt _⊗_ s r
resume (evalStmt _⊗_ s _) | yield s' st = yield (s ⊗ s') st
evalSeq : ∀ {n sz} → Stmt n → Res n {sz} → Res n {sz}
evalSeq = evalStmt (\s s' → s ▷ s')
evalParL : ∀ {n sz} → Stmt n → Res n {sz} → Res n {sz}
evalParL = evalStmt (\s s' → s ∥ s')
evalParR : ∀ {n sz} → Stmt n → Res n {sz} → Res n {sz}
evalParR = evalStmt (\s s' → s' ∥ s)
同样适用于close
:
mutual
close : ∀ {n sz} → Res n {sz} → Res n {sz}
resume (close res) with resume res
... | ret st = ret st
... | δ r = δ (close r)
... | l ∨ r = close l ∨ close r
... | yield s st = δ (eval s st)
并且eval
定义为任意大小:
eval : ∀ {n sz} → Stmt n → σ n → Res n {sz}
resume (eval skip st) = ret st
resume (eval (x ≔ e) st) = ret (st [ x ]≔ ⟦ e , st ⟧ )
resume (eval (s ▷ s') st) = resume (evalSeq s (eval s' st))
resume (eval (iif e then s else s') st) with ⟦ e , st ⟧
...| zero = yield s' st
...| suc n = yield s st
resume (eval (while e do s) st) with ⟦ e , st ⟧
...| zero = ret st
...| suc n = yield (s ▷ while e do s) st
resume (eval (s ∥ s') st) = evalParR s' (eval s st) ∨ evalParL s (eval s' st)
resume (eval (atomic s) st) = resume (close (eval s st)) -- or δ
resume (eval (await e do s) st) = {!!}