来自
Martin Reddy的C ++ API设计 - 第3章(第3.3.3节) 可扩展工厂示例)
我发现Factory模式的这种实现非常有效,它允许用户在运行时注册回调函数(本质上是派生类的构造函数),最终可以在创建该类型的对象时调用。代码如下所示,取自教科书 -
文件:rendererfactory.h
class RendererFactory
{
public:
typedef IRenderer *(*CreateCallback)();
static void RegisterRenderer(const std::string &type, CreateCallback cb);
static void UnregisterRenderer(const std::string &type);
static IRenderer *CreateRenderer(const std::string &type);
private:
typedef std::map<std::string, CreateCallback> CallbackMap;
static CallbackMap mRenderers;
};
文件:rendererfactory.cpp
#include "rendererfactory.h"
// instantiate the static variable in RendererFactory
RendererFactory::CallbackMap RendererFactory::mRenderers;
void RendererFactory::RegisterRenderer(const std::string &type, CreateCallback cb)
{
mRenderers[type] = cb;
}
void RendererFactory::UnregisterRenderer(const std::string &type)
{
mRenderers.erase(type);
}
IRenderer *RendererFactory::CreateRenderer(const std::string &type)
{
CallbackMap::iterator it = mRenderers.find(type);
if (it != mRenderers.end())
{
// call the creation callback to construct this derived type
return (it->second)();
}
return NULL;
}
class UserRenderer : public IRenderer
{
public:
~UserRenderer() {}
static IRenderer *Create() { return new UserRenderer(); }
};
文件:main.cpp
int main(int, char **)
{
// register a new renderer
RendererFactory::RegisterRenderer("user", UserRenderer::Create);
// create an instance of our new renderer
IRenderer *r = RendererFactory::CreateRenderer("user");
r->Render();
delete r;
return 0;
}
我对此代码的限制是它假定是派生对象的构造函数,不带任何参数。例如,如果我有一个派生类 -
class UserRendererMultiArgs : public IRenderer
{
public:
UserRendererMultiArgs(int, int);
~UserRendererMultiArgs() {}
static IRenderer *Create() {
return new UserRendererMultiArgs(); //Incorrect : need to call UserRendererMultiArgs(int, int) ???
}
};
如何在RendererFactory类维护的地图中实现使用变量参数注册回调的相同结果?
我有使用varargs但我不知道该怎么做?!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
忽略工厂模式并使用问题的标题,然后这可能会做你想要的:
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
struct IRenderer {};
class UserRendererMultiArgs : public IRenderer {
public:
UserRendererMultiArgs(int, int) {}
~UserRendererMultiArgs() {}
static IRenderer *Create(int i1, int i2) {
return new UserRendererMultiArgs(i1, i2);
}
};
template <class... Args>
struct MapHolder{
static std::map<std::string, IRenderer *(*)(Args...)> CallbackMap;
};
template <class... Args>
std::map<std::string, IRenderer *(*)(Args...)> MapHolder<Args...>::CallbackMap;
class RendererFactory {
public:
template <class... Args>
static void RegisterRenderer(std::string name, IRenderer *(*Callback)(Args...)) {
MapHolder<Args...>::CallbackMap[name] = Callback;
}
template <class... Args>
static IRenderer *Create(const std::string &name, Args &&... args) {
return MapHolder<Args...>::CallbackMap[name](std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
};
int main() {
RendererFactory::RegisterRenderer("user", &UserRendererMultiArgs::Create);
std::unique_ptr<IRenderer> r{RendererFactory::Create("user", 42, 3)};
}
在C ++ 14中,您有可变模板,不需要MapHolder
,但标签指定了C ++ 11。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
如果您在编译时知道参数,则可以使用
RendererFactory::RegisterRenderer("multiuser", []{
return new UserRendererMultiArgs(1, 2);
});
如果您在编译时不知道参数,可以使用
int i = 0, j = 0;
std::cin >> i >> j;
RendererFactory::RegisterRenderer("multiuser", [i, j]{
return new UserRendererMultiArgs(i, j);
});
但是,现在lambda携带状态,它不再被分配给函数指针,因此您需要将CreateCallback
的类型更改为std::function<IRenderer *()>
,这会因动态内存分配而产生一些成本需要捕获任意大小的函数对象。