如何在Raspberry Pi上使用Python更改主机名

时间:2017-01-11 03:45:37

标签: python

我尝试过使用(从内存来看,这可能不是100%准确):

import socket
socket.sethostname("NewHost")

我收到了权限错误。

我将如何从Python程序中完全解决这个问题?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我想永久更改主机名,这需要在几个地方进行更改,所以我制作了一个shell脚本:

#!/bin/bash
# /usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh - program to permanently change hostname.  Permissions
# are set so that www-user can `sudo` this specific program.

# args:
# $1 - new hostname, should be a legal hostname

sed -i "s/$HOSTNAME/$1/g" /etc/hosts
echo $1 > /etc/hostname
/etc/init.d/hostname.sh
hostname $1  # this is to update the current hostname without restarting

在Python中,我使用subprocess.run运行脚本:

subprocess.run(
    ['sudo', '/usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh', newhostname])

这是从一个运行为www-data的网络服务器发生的,所以我在没有密码的情况下允许它sudo这个特定的脚本。如果您以sudo或类似方式运行,则可以跳过此步骤并在不使用root的情况下运行脚本:

# /etc.d/sudoers.d/099-www-data-nopasswd-hostname
www-data ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh

答案 1 :(得分:0)

如果您只需要在下次重启之前更改主机名,许多linux系统都可以通过以下方式更改主机名:

import subprocess
subprocess.call(['hostname', 'newhost'])

或打字较少但有一些潜在的陷阱:

import os
os.system('hostname %s' % 'newhost')

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这是另一种方法

    import os
    def setHostname(newhostname):
        with open('/etc/hosts', 'r') as file:
        # read a list of lines into data
        data = file.readlines()

        # the host name is on the 6th line following the IP address
        # so this replaces that line with the new hostname
        data[5] = '127.0.1.1       ' + newhostname

        # save the file temporarily because /etc/hosts is protected
        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        # use sudo command to overwrite the protected file
        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hosts')

        # repeat process with other file
        with open('/etc/hostname', 'r') as file:
            data = file.readlines()

        data[0] = newhostname

        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hostname')

    #Then call the def
    setHostname('whatever')

下次重启时,主机名将被设置为新名称