如何在python tkinter中使用网格方法定位标签？

Question

我试图在中间的窗口顶部放置一个大标签，然后在它下方均匀分布3个选项菜单。我无法让菜单跨越整个窗口。我不确定我做错了什么

root.geometry("800x600")

在底部。一切都是均匀分布的，但它们都被推到窗户的左侧，而不是填满整个东西。我还没有进入下一部分，我将绑定函数，在每个菜单下面显示文本段落，这就是为什么我希望窗口如此之大。

这是我的代码：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

root=Tk()

topFrame=Frame(root)
bottomFrame=Frame(root)

#The first label
lbl=Label(root,text="Pick a Decade",bg="turquoise",fg="hot pink",font=  ("Times","40","bold italic"))
lbl.grid(row=1,column=1)

#Functions
def fifties(s):
    if s=="Intro":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's intro",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)
if s=="Political":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's politcal",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)
if s=="Economic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's economic",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)
if s=="Social":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's social",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)
if s=="Technological":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's technological",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)
if s=="Aesthetic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1950's aesthetic",bg="turquoise")
    lbl.grid(column=1)

def sixties(s):
if s=="Intro":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's intro")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)
if s=="Political":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's politcal")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)
if s=="Economic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's economic")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)
if s=="Social":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's social")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)
if s=="Technological":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's technological")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)
if s=="Aesthetic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1960's aesthetic")
    lbl.grid(column=1,row=3)

def seventies(s):
if s=="Intro":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's intro")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)
if s=="Political":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's political")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)
if s=="Economic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's economic")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)
if s=="Social":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's social")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)
if s=="Technological":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's technological")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)
if s=="Aesthetic":
    lbl=Label(root,text="1970's aesthetic")
    lbl.grid(column=2,row=3)

#Menus
v=StringVar(root)
v.set("1950's")
a=OptionMenu(root,v,"Intro","Political","Economic","Social","Technological","Aesthetic",command=fifties)
a.grid(column=0,row=2)

v=StringVar(root)
v.set("1960's")
a=OptionMenu(root,v,"Intro","Political","Economic","Social","Technological","Aesthetic",command=sixties)
a.grid(column=1,row=2)

v=StringVar(root)
v.set("1970's")
a=OptionMenu(root,v,"Intro","Political","Economic","Social","Technological","Aesthetic",command=seventies)
a.grid(column=2,row=2)


#Root
root.configure(background="turquoise")
root.geometry("800x600")
root.mainloop()

在＆＃34; 1950＆＃39; social＆＃34;等等将成为大段落。

Answer 1

由于网格中的默认单元格没有大小。您只能使用

设置最小尺寸

root.columnconfigure(0, minsize=300)
root.columnconfigure(1, minsize=300)
root.columnconfigure(2, minsize=300)

要创建大标题，您可以连接3个单元格

lbl.grid(..., columnspan=3)

您还可以使用sticky='we'

将小部件用于单元格大小

网格（...，粘性=＆＃39;我们＆＃39;）

w = west/left，e = east/right

工作示例：

import tkinter as tk

# --- functions ---

def fifties(selection):
    data = {
        "Intro": "1950's intro",
        "Political": "1950's politcal",
        "Economic": "1950's economic",
        "Social": "1950's social", 
        "Technological": "1950's technological",
        "Aesthetic": "1950's aesthetic",
    }

    if selection in data:
        text_1950['text'] = data[selection]
    else:
        text_1950['text'] = "Unknow selection: " + selection 

def sixties(selection):
    data = {
        "Intro": "1960's intro",
        "Political": "1960's politcal",
        "Economic": "1960's economic",
        "Social": "1960's social", 
        "Technological": "1960's technological",
        "Aesthetic": "1960's aesthetic",
    }

    if selection in data:
        text_1960['text'] = data[selection]
    else:
        text_1960['text'] = "Unknow selection: " + selection

def seventies(selection):
    data = {
        "Intro": "1970's intro",
        "Political": "1970's politcal",
        "Economic": "1970's economic",
        "Social": "1970's social", 
        "Technological": "1970's technological",
        "Aesthetic": "1970's aesthetic",
    }

    if selection in data:
        text_1970['text'] = data[selection]
    else:
        text_1970['text'] = "Unknow selection: " + selection

# --- main ---

# - init -
root = tk.Tk()
root.configure(bg="turquoise")
root.geometry("900x600")

# - set columns minimal size -

root.columnconfigure(0, minsize=300)
root.columnconfigure(1, minsize=300)
root.columnconfigure(2, minsize=300)

# - header -

lbl = tk.Label(root, text="Pick a Decade", bg="turquoise", fg="hot pink", font=("Times", 40, "bold italic"))
lbl.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=3, sticky='we')

# - menus -

options = ["Intro", "Political", "Economic", "Social", "Technological", "Aesthetic"]

var = tk.StringVar(value="1950's")
a = tk.OptionMenu(root, var, *options, command=fifties)
a.grid(column=0, row=2, sticky='we')

var = tk.StringVar(value="1960's")
a = tk.OptionMenu(root, var, *options, command=sixties)
a.grid(column=1, row=2, sticky='we')

var = tk.StringVar(value="1970's")
a = tk.OptionMenu(root, var, *options, command=seventies)
a.grid(column=2, row=2, sticky='we')

# - empty labels for text -

text_1950 = tk.Label(root, bg="turquoise")
text_1950.grid(column=0, row=3)

text_1960 = tk.Label(root, bg="turquoise")
text_1960.grid(column=1, row=3)

text_1970 = tk.Label(root, bg="turquoise")
text_1970.grid(column=2, row=3)

# - start -
root.mainloop()

Answer 2

如果有足够的空间来显示小部件，grid几何管理器需要知道该怎么做。它通过相对于每行和每列的“权重”分配额外空间来实现。例如，如果一列的权重为3而另一列的权重为1，则第一列的额外空间量将是另一列的3倍。

默认情况下，行和列的权重为零。这意味着如果有额外的空间 - 如你的例子那样 - 它就没用了。

对您的问题绝对最简单的解决方案是为每列提供相等的非零权重，以便均匀分配额外的空间。您可以使用columnconfigure（或grid_columnconfigure）方法执行此操作：

root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)

由于您说您希望标签跨越所有三列，因此您需要告诉grid您可以通过将标签放在第0列并给它{3}的columnspan来做到这一点：

lbl.grid(row=1,column=0, columnspan=3)