我正在建模(在Postgres 9.6.1 / postGIS 2.3.1中)供应商提供的本地服务预订系统:
create table supplier (
id serial primary key,
name text not null check (char_length(title) < 280),
type service_type,
duration interval,
...
geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
...
);
每个供应商在他/她可以预订时都会保留带有时间段的日历:
create table timeslot (
id serial primary key,
supplier_id integer not null references supplier(id),
slot tstzrange not null,
constraint supplier_overlapping_timeslot_not_allowed
exclude using gist (supplier_id with =, slot with &&)
);
当客户想要知道哪些附近的供应商可以在特定时间预订时,我创建了一个视图和功能:
create view supplier_slots as
select
supplier.name, supplier.type, supplier.geo_position, supplier.duration, ...
timeslot.slot
from
supplier, timeslot
where
supplier.id = timeslot.supplier_id;
create function find_suppliers(wantedType service_type, near_latitude text, near_longitude text, at_time timestamptz)
returns setof supplier_slots as $$
declare
nearpoint geography;
begin
nearpoint := ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || near_latitude || ' ' || near_longitude || ')');
return query
select * from supplier_slots
where type = wantedType
and tstzrange(at_time, at_time + duration) <@ slot
order by ST_Distance( nearpoint, geo_position )
limit 100;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
这一切都很有效。
现在,对于那些在请求的时间没有可预订时间段的供应商,我想在请求的at_time
之前和之后找到最近的可用时段,按距离排序。
这让我的思绪旋转了一点,我找不到合适的操作员给我最近的tsrange。
有关最聪明方法的任何想法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
解决方案取决于您想要的完全定义。
我建议使用这些略微调整的表定义,以使任务更简单,强制完整性并提高性能:
CREATE TABLE supplier (
supplier_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
supplier text NOT NULL CHECK (length(title) < 280),
type service_type,
duration interval,
geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
);
CREATE TABLE timeslot (
timeslot_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
supplier_id integer NOT NULL -- references supplier(id),
slot_a timestamptz NOT NULL,
slot_z timestamptz NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT timeslot_range_valid CHECK (slot_a < slot_z)
CONSTRAINT timeslot_no_overlapping
EXCLUDE USING gist (supplier_id WITH =, tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) WITH &&)
);
CREATE INDEX timeslot_slot_z ON timeslot (supplier_id, slot_z);
CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_position_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position);
保存两个timestamptz
列slot_a
和slot_z
而不是tstzrange
列slot
- 并相应地调整约束。这会自动将所有范围视为默认的包含更低和独占上限 - 这可以避免角落错误/头痛。
附带权益:timestamptz
仅2个tstzrange
而不是25个字节(32个带填充)仅16个字节。
您在slot
上可能遇到的所有查询都继续使用tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z)
作为替补。
在(supplier_id, slot_z)
上为手头的查询添加索引
和supplier.geo_position
上的空间索引(您可能已经拥有)。
根据type
中的数据分布,查询中常见类型的几个部分索引可能有助于提高性能:
CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_type_foo_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position)
WHERE supplier = 'foo'::service_type;
此查询查找 X最近的供应商,他们提供正确的service_type
(示例中为100),每个供应商都有一个最接近的匹配时段(已定义)到距离开始的时间距离)。我把它与实际匹配的插槽相结合,这可能是您需要的也可能不是。
CREATE FUNCTION f_suppliers_nearby(_type service_type, _lat text, _lon text, at_time timestamptz)
RETURNS TABLE (supplier_id int
, name text
, duration interval
, geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
, distance float
, timeslot_id int
, slot_a timestamptz
, slot_z timestamptz
, time_dist interval
) AS
$func$
WITH sup_nearby AS ( -- find matching or later slot
SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
, ST_Distance(ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || _lat || ' ' || _lon || ')')
, geo_position) AS distance
, t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
, CASE WHEN t.slot_a IS NOT NULL
THEN GREATEST(t.slot_a - at_time, interval '0') END AS time_dist
FROM supplier s
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
SELECT *
FROM timeslot
WHERE supplier_id = supplier_id
AND slot_z > at_time + s.duration -- excl. upper bound
ORDER BY slot_z
LIMIT 1
) t ON true
WHERE s.type = _type
ORDER BY s.distance
LIMIT 100
)
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT ON (supplier_id) * -- 1 slot per supplier
FROM (
TABLE sup_nearby -- matching or later slot
UNION ALL -- earlier slot
SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
, s.distance
, t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
, GREATEST(at_time - t.slot_a, interval '0') AS time_dist
FROM sup_nearby s
CROSS JOIN LATERAL ( -- this time CROSS JOIN!
SELECT *
FROM timeslot
WHERE supplier_id = s.supplier_id
AND slot_z <= at_time -- excl. upper bound
ORDER BY slot_z DESC
LIMIT 1
) t
WHERE s.time_dist IS DISTINCT FROM interval '0' -- exact matches are done
) sub
ORDER BY supplier_id, time_dist -- pick temporally closest slot per supplier
) sub
ORDER BY time_dist, distance; -- matches first, ordered by distance; then misses, ordered by time distance
$func$ LANGUAGE sql;
我没有使用您的视图supplier_slots
而是针对性能进行了优化。视图可能仍然很方便。为了向后兼容,您可以包含tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) AS slot
。
找到最近的100家供应商的基本查询是教科书&#34; K最近邻居&#34;问题。 GiST指数适用于此。相关:
附加任务(找到时间上最接近的槽)可以分为两个任务:找到下一个较高行和下一个较低行。解决方案的核心功能是两个带有ORDER BY slot_z LIMIT 1
和ORDER BY slot_z DESC LIMIT 1
的子查询,这会导致两次非常快速的索引扫描。
我将第一个与找到实际匹配相结合,这是一个(智能,我认为)优化,但可能会分散实际的解决方案。