我必须为8086处理器准备程序,将四元数转换为八进制数。
我的想法:
将每个数字乘以4的指数并添加到寄存器。稍后检查最高指数8不高于第一步的总和。 除以8的指数直到余数等于0.除法的每个结果都是八进制的一位数。 但对于16位数字,最后一个指数为4是4 ^ 15。我认为这不是最佳算法。
还有其他方法吗?也许二进制和分组3位数。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
事实证明,您确实可以一次处理3位数值。通过这种方式,您可以处理任意长度的字符串,而不受寄存器大小的限制。不确定为什么你可能需要,除非外星人尝试使用ascii字符串的四元数字与巨大的长度沟通。可能会发生。
可以以任何方式进行翻译(从右到左或从左到右)。然而,这两方面都有一些挑战:
如果您正在处理RtL,则需要在开始之前知道输出字符串的长度(以便在计算数字时知道在哪里写入数字)。这是可行的,但有点棘手。简单来说,长度是((strlen(Q)+ 2)/ 3)* 2. 几乎得到它。但是,对于许多情况,您最初可能会在开头有一个空格。 “1”以及“10”将给出空白区域。 “20”不会。可以计算出正确的值,但这很烦人。
同样,处理LtR也有类似的问题。你没有弄清楚在哪里写数字的问题,但考虑:如果要转换它的字符串“123”,那么转换很简单(33八进制)。但是,如果你开始处理,完整的字符串是“1231”(155八进制)怎么办?在这种情况下,你需要像“001231”(01 55)那样处理它。 IOW,数字可以以3为一组进行处理,但是您需要处理数字位数不均匀分为3的初始情况。
发布家庭作业的解决方案通常是我避免的事情。但是我怀疑你是否会把它作为你的'解决方案',并且谷歌可能会在这里发送需要类似东西的人(几乎不可能)。
有几点需要注意:
除此之外,该评论应解释代码。
.386
.model flat
.code
; Call from C via:
; extern "C" void __fastcall PrintOct(const char *pQuat, char *pOct);
; On Entry:
; ecx: pQuat
; edx: pOct
; On Exit:
; eax, ecx, edx clobbered
; all others preserved
; If pOct is zero bytes long, an error occurred (probably invalid digits)
@PrintOct@8 PROC
; -----------------------
; If pOct is NULL, there's nothing we can do
test edx, edx
jz Failed
; -----------------------
; Save the registers we modify (except for
; eax, edx and ecx which we treat as scratch).
push esi
push ebx
push edi
mov esi, ecx
mov edi, edx
xor ebx, ebx
; -----------------------
; esi: pQuat
; edi: pOct
; ebx: zero (because we use lea)
; ecx: temp pointer to pQuat
; Reject NULL pQuat
test esi, esi
jz WriteNull
; -----------------------
; Reject 0 length pQuat
mov bl, BYTE PTR [esi]
test bl, bl
jz WriteNull
; -----------------------
; How many chars in pQuat?
mov dl, bl ; bl is first digit as ascii. Preserve it.
CountLoop:
inc ecx ; One more valid char
; While we're counting, check for invalid digits
cmp dl, '0'
jl WriteNull
cmp dl, '3'
jg WriteNull
mov dl, BYTE PTR [ecx] ; Read the next char
test dl, dl ; End of string?
jnz CountLoop
sub ecx, esi
; -----------------------
; At this point, there is at least 1 valid digit, and
; ecx contains # digits
; bl still contains first digit as ascii
; Normally we process 3 digits at a time. But the number of
; digits to process might not be an even multiple of 3.
; This code finds the 'remainder' when dividing ecx by 3.
; It might seem like you could just use 'div' (and you can),
; but 'div' is so insanely expensive, that doing all these
; lines is *still* cheaper than a single div.
mov eax, ecx
mov edx, 0AAAAAAABh
mul edx
shr edx, 1
lea edx, [edx+edx*2]
sub ecx, edx ; This gives us the remainder (0-2).
; If the remainder is zero, use the normal 3 digit load
jz LoadTriplet
; -----------------------
; Build a triplet from however many leading 'odd' digits
; there are (1 or 2). Result is in al.
lea eax, DWORD PTR [ebx-48] ; This get us the first digit
; If there was only 1 digit, don't try to load 2
cmp cl, 1
je OneDigit
; Load the other digit
shl al, 2
mov bl, BYTE PTR [esi+1]
sub bl, 48
or al, bl
OneDigit:
add esi, ecx ; Update our pQuat pointer
jmp ProcessDigits
; -----------------------
; Build a triplet from the next 3 digits.
; Result is in al.
; bl contains the first digit as ascii
LoadTriplet:
lea eax, DWORD PTR [ebx-48]
shl al, 4 ; Make room for the other 2 digits.
; Second digit
mov cl, BYTE PTR [esi+1]
sub cl, '0'
shl cl, 2
or al, cl
; Third digit
mov bl, BYTE PTR [esi+2]
sub bl, '0'
or al, bl
add esi, 3 ; Update our pQuat pointer
; -----------------------
; At this point
; al: Triplet
; ch: DigitWritten (initially zeroed when computing remainder)
ProcessDigits:
mov dl, al
shr al, 3 ; left digit
and dl, 7 ; right digit
; If we haven't written any digits, and we are
; about to write a zero, skip it. This deals
; with both "000123" and "2" (due to OneDigit,
; the 'left digit' might be zero).
; If we haven't written any digits yet (ch == 0), and the
; value we are are about to write is zero (al == 0), skip
; the write.
or ch, al
jz Skip1
add al, '0' ; Convert to ascii
mov BYTE PTR [edi], al ; Write a digit
inc edi ; Update pointer to output buffer
jmp Skip1a ; No need to check again
Skip1:
or ch, dl ; Both check and update DigitWritten
jz Skip2
Skip1a:
add dl, '0' ; Convert to ascii
mov BYTE PTR [edi], dl ; Write a digit
inc edi ; Update pointer to output buffer
Skip2:
; Load the next digit.
mov bl, BYTE PTR [esi]
test bl, bl
jnz LoadTriplet
; -----------------------
; All digits processed. We know there is at least 1 valid digit
; (checked on entry), so if we never wrote anything, the value
; must have been zero. Since we skipped it to avoid
; unnecessary preceding zeros, deal with it now.
test ch, ch
jne WriteNull
mov BYTE PTR [edi], '0'
inc edi
; -----------------------
; Write the trailing NULL. Note that if the returned string is
; 0 bytes long, an error occurred (probably invalid digits).
WriteNull:
mov BYTE PTR [edi], 0
; -----------------------
; Cleanup
pop edi
pop ebx
pop esi
Failed:
ret
@PrintOct@8 ENDP
end
我通过它运行一个包含1,000,000,000四进制数字的字符串以及0-4,294,967,295的所有值。似乎工作。
我欢迎新的4个外星人的外星人。