在提出的问题here中，使用dcast将样本数据从宽格式转换为长格式。但是，当尝试将相同的方法应用于实际数据集（或其缩写形式）时：
dcast(melt(smallz, 1:2), behavior_num + variable ~ rater)
变量的因子（即原始列3）显示为整数。
（为什么）因子显示为整数？ 它们如何仍然显示为字符？
较小的数据子集在这里：
structure(list(rater = structure(c(2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L,
2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L,
6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L,
3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L,
4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L,
1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L,
7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L,
5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L,
2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L,
6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L,
3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L,
4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L,
1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L,
7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L,
5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L,
2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L,
6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L,
3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L,
4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 4L), .Label = c("Al",
"Dan", "Gabi", "john", "bill", "rebecca",
"ted"), class = "factor"), behavior_num = c(6L,
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 16L, 20L,
20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 20L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L, 22L,
23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 41L, 41L, 41L, 41L, 41L, 41L,
41L, 45L, 45L, 45L, 45L, 45L, 45L, 45L, 49L, 49L, 49L, 49L, 49L,
49L, 49L, 54L, 54L, 54L, 54L, 54L, 54L, 54L, 58L, 58L, 58L, 58L,
58L, 58L, 58L, 59L, 59L, 59L, 59L, 59L, 59L, 59L, 66L, 66L, 66L,
66L, 66L, 66L, 66L, 72L, 72L, 72L, 72L, 72L, 72L, 72L, 73L, 73L,
73L, 73L, 73L, 73L, 73L, 82L, 82L, 82L, 82L, 82L, 82L, 82L, 84L,
84L, 84L, 84L, 84L, 84L, 84L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L,
112L, 116L, 116L, 116L, 116L, 116L, 116L, 116L, 121L, 121L, 121L,
121L, 121L, 121L, 121L, 122L, 122L, 122L, 122L, 122L, 122L, 122L,
127L, 127L, 127L, 127L, 127L, 127L, 127L, 132L, 132L, 132L, 132L,
132L, 132L, 132L, 133L, 133L, 133L, 133L, 133L, 133L, 133L, 135L,
135L, 135L, 135L, 135L, 135L, 135L, 142L, 142L, 142L, 142L, 142L,
142L, 142L, 145L, 145L, 145L, 145L, 145L, 145L, 145L, 147L, 147L,
147L, 147L, 147L, 147L, 147L, 155L, 155L, 155L, 155L, 155L, 155L,
155L, 162L, 162L, 162L, 162L, 162L, 162L, 162L, 173L, 173L, 173L,
173L, 173L, 173L, 173L, 178L, 178L, 178L, 178L, 178L, 178L, 178L,
179L, 179L, 179L, 179L, 179L, 179L, 179L, 182L, 182L, 182L, 182L,
182L, 182L, 182L, 183L, 183L, 183L, 183L, 183L, 183L, 183L, 186L,
186L, 186L, 186L, 186L, 186L, 186L, 193L, 193L, 193L, 193L, 193L,
193L, 193L, 196L, 196L, 196L, 196L, 196L, 196L, 196L, 204L, 204L,
204L, 204L, 204L, 204L, 204L, 206L, 206L, 206L, 206L, 206L, 206L,
206L, 207L, 207L, 207L, 207L, 207L, 207L, 207L, 211L, 211L, 211L,
211L, 211L, 211L, 211L, 211L, 231L, 231L, 231L, 231L, 231L, 231L
), self.and.tech = structure(c(2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L,
2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L,
3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L,
3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L,
3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("more commonly reinforced",
"neither a history of reinforcement or punishment are discernible from the behaviors evidenced",
"more commonly punished"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("rater",
"behavior_num", "self.and.tech"), row.names = c(NA, -294L), class = "data.frame"