我正在处理一些缺少值的数据,这些数据只是表示为Maybe值的列表。我想执行各种聚合/统计操作,它们只是忽略了缺失值。
这与以下问题有关:
Idiomatic way to sum a list of Maybe Int in haskell
How to use the maybe monoid and combine values with a custom operation, easily?
但是,如果缺少任何值,前一个问题就是返回Nothing
的内容,这在我的情况下不是一个选项。我有一个解决方案,涉及为Num
创建Maybe
实例。但是,这意味着它特定于加法和乘法,它也有其他一些问题。
instance Num a => Num (Maybe a) where
negate = fmap negate
(+) = liftA2 (+)
(*) = liftA2 (*)
fromInteger = pure . fromInteger
abs = fmap abs
signum = fmap signum
基于此,我们可以这样做:
maybeCombineW :: (a -> a -> a) -> Maybe a -> Maybe a -> Maybe a
maybeCombineW f (Just x) (Just y) = Just (f x y)
maybeCombineW _ (Just x) Nothing = Just x
maybeCombineW _ Nothing (Just y) = Just y
maybeCombineW _ Nothing Nothing = Nothing
maybeCombineS :: (a -> a -> a) -> Maybe a -> Maybe a -> Maybe a
maybeCombineS f (Just x) (Just y) = Just (f x y)
maybeCombineS _ _ _ = Nothing
class (Num a) => Num' a where
(+?) :: a -> a -> a
(*?) :: a -> a -> a
(+!) :: a -> a -> a
(*!) :: a -> a -> a
(+?) = (+)
(*?) = (*)
(+!) = (+)
(*!) = (*)
instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} (Num a) => Num' a
instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} (Num' a) => Num' (Maybe a) where
(+?) = maybeCombineW (+?)
(*?) = maybeCombineW (*?)
(+!) = maybeCombineS (+!)
(*!) = maybeCombineS (*!)
sum' :: (Num' b, Foldable t) => t b -> b
sum' = foldr (+?) 0
sum'' :: (Num' b, Foldable t) => t b -> b
sum'' = foldr (+!) 0
我喜欢这个:它给了我两个函数,一个宽松的sum'
和一个严格的sum''
,我可以根据需要从中选择。我可以使用相同的函数对任何Num
个实例求和,这样我就可以为没有Maybe
的列表重复使用相同的代码,而无需先转换它们。
我不喜欢这个:实例重叠。此外,对于除加法和乘法之外的任何操作,我必须指定一个新类型并创建新实例。
因此,我想知道是否有可能获得一个很好的通用解决方案,也许是按照第二个问题中建议的方式,将Nothing
视为所有相关操作的mempty
这样做有很好的惯用方法吗?
编辑:目前为止,这是最佳解决方案:
inout i o = ((fmap o) . getOption) . foldMap (Option . (fmap i))
sum' = Sum `inout` getSum
min' = Min `inout` getMin
-- etc.
答案 0 :(得分:5)
有一个Monoid
的实例做了正确的事情:
instance Monoid a => Monoid (Maybe a) where
mempty = Nothing
Nothing `mappend` m = m
m `mappend` Nothing = m
Just m1 `mappend` Just m2 = Just (m1 `mappend` m2)
它在Data.Monoid
。
因此,
foldMap (liftA Sum) [Just 1, Nothing, Just 2, Nothing, Just 3] =
fold [Just (Sum 1), Nothing, Just (Sum 2), Nothing, Just (Sum 3)] =
Just (Sum 6)
对于严格的左折叠版本,可以使用fold
代替foldl' mappend mempty
,而不是foldMap f
使用foldl' (mappend . f) mempty
。在Maybe
幺半群中,mempty
为Nothing
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
如何使用Data.Maybe
中的catMaybes
来放弃所有Nothing
值?然后,您可以在纯值的列表上运行任何聚合和计算。