当我按照本指南尝试SQLAlchemy Relation Example时:Basic Relationship Patterns
我有这段代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Integer, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
Base = declarative_base(bind=engine)
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = 'parent'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
children = relationship("Child")
class Child(Base):
__tablename__ = 'child'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id'))
parent = relationship("Parent")
Base.metadata.create_all()
p = Parent()
session.add(p)
session.commit()
c = Child(parent_id=p.id)
session.add(c)
session.commit()
print "children: {}".format(p.children[0].id)
print "parent: {}".format(c.parent.id)
效果很好,但在指南中,它说模型应该是:
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = 'parent'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
**children = relationship("Child", back_populates="parent")**
class Child(Base):
__tablename__ = 'child'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id'))
**parent = relationship("Parent", back_populates="children")**
为什么我的示例中不需要back_populates
或backref
?我什么时候应该使用其中一种?
答案 0 :(得分:101)
如果您使用backref
,则无需在第二个表格上声明关系。
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = 'parent'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
children = relationship("Child", backref="parent")
class Child(Base):
__tablename__ = 'child'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id'))
如果你不使用backref
,并分别定义relationship
,那么如果你不使用back_populates
,那么sqlalchemy就赢了知道连接关系,以便修改一个也会修改另一个关系。
因此,在您的示例中,您已单独定义relationship
但未提供back_populates
参数,修改一个字段不会自动更新事务中的另一个字段
>>> parent = Parent()
>>> child = Child()
>>> child.parent = parent
>>> print parent.children
[]
了解它是如何自动填写children
字段的?
现在,如果您提供back_populates
参数,sqlalchemy将连接这些字段。
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = 'parent'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
children = relationship("Child", back_populates="parent")
class Child(Base):
__tablename__ = 'child'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id'))
parent = relationship("Parent", back_populates="children")
现在我们得到
>>> parent = Parent()
>>> child = Child()
>>> child.parent = parent
>>> print parent.children
[Child(...)]
Sqlalchemy知道这两个字段现在是相关的,并且会在另一个更新时更新每个字段。值得注意的是,使用backref
也会这样做。如果要在每个类上定义关系,使用back_populates
是很好的,因此很容易看到所有字段都只是看了一下模型类,而不必查看通过backref定义字段的其他类。 / p>