es6类:在父类中获取,引用子类

时间:2016-09-08 15:29:15

标签: javascript ecmascript-6 es6-promise fetch-api es6-class

假设我在spanish.json

中有这些数据
[
   {"word": "casa", "translation": "house"},
   {"word": "coche", "translation": "car"},
   {"word": "calle", "translation": "street"}
]

我有一个加载它的Dictionary类 并添加搜索方法:

// Dictionary.js
class Dictionary {
  constructor(url){
    this.url = url;
    this.entries = []; // we’ll fill this with a dictionary
    this.initialize();
  }

  initialize(){
    fetch(this.url)
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(entries => this.entries = entries)
  }

  find(query){
    return this.entries.filter(entry => 
      entry.word == query)[0].translation
  }
}

我可以实例化,并用它来查找'calle' 使用这个小小的单页应用程序:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>spanish dictionary</title>
</head>
<body>

<p><input placeholder="Search for a Spanish word" type="">  
<p><output></output>

<script src=Dictionary.js></script>
<script>

  let es2en = new Dictionary('spanish.json')
  console.log(es2en.find('calle')) // 'street'

  input.addEventListener('submit', ev => {
    ev.preventDefault();
    let translation = dictionary.find(ev.target.value);
    output.innerHTML = translation;
  })

</script>


</body>
</html>

到目前为止一切顺利。但是,假设我想要继承Dictionary 并添加一个计算所有单词的方法并添加 数到页面。 (伙计,我需要一些投资者。)

所以,我得到了另一轮资助并实施CountingDictionary

class CountingDictionary extends Dictionary {
  constructor(url){
    super(url)
  }

  countEntries(){
    return this.entries.length
  }
}

新的单页应用:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Counting Spanish Dictionary</title>
</head>
<body>

<p><input placeholder="Search for a Spanish word" type="">  
<p><output></output>

<script src=Dictionary.js></script>
<script>


  let 
    es2en = new CountingDictionary('spanish.json'),
    h1 = document.querySelector('h1'),
    input = document.querySelector('input'),
    output = document.querySelector('output');

  h1.innerHTML = es2en.countEntries();

  input.addEventListener('input', ev => {
    ev.preventDefault();
    let translation = es2en.find(ev.target.value);
    if(translation)
      output.innerHTML = `${translation}`;
  })

</script>

</body>
</html>

加载此页面时,h1会填充0

我知道我的问题是什么,我不知道如何解决它。

问题是fetch调用返回Promise, 并且.entries属性仅填充数据 一旦Promise返回,就从URL开始。直到那时, .entries仍为空。

如何让.countEntries等待获取承诺解析?

还是有更好的方法来完成我想要的东西吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

  

问题是fetch调用返回Promise,   并且.entries属性仅填充数据   一旦Promise返回,就从URL开始。直到那时,   .entries仍为空。

您需要将entries作为承诺。这样,你的所有方法都必须返回promises,但Dictionary实例可以立即使用。

class Dictionary {
  constructor(url) {
    this.entriesPromise = fetch(url)
      .then(response => response.json())
  }
  find(query) {
    return this.entriesPromise.then(entries => {
       var entry = entries.find(e => e.word == query);
       return entry && entry.translation;
    });
  }
}
class CountingDictionary extends Dictionary {
  countEntries() {
    return this.entriesPromise.then(entries => entries.length);
  }
}

let es2en = new CountingDictionary('spanish.json'),
    h1 = document.querySelector('h1'),
    input = document.querySelector('input'),
    output = document.querySelector('output');

es2en.countEntries().then(len => {
  fh1.innerHTML = len;
});
input.addEventListener(ev => {
  ev.preventDefault();
  es2en.find(ev.target.value).then(translation => {
    if (translation)
      output.innerHTML = translation;
  });
});
  

还是有更好的方法来完成我想要的东西吗?

是。看看Is it bad practice to have a constructor function return a Promise?

class Dictionary {
  constructor(entries) {
    this.entries = entries;
  }  
  static load(url) {
    return fetch(url)
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(entries => new this(entries));
  }

  find(query) {
    var entry = this.entries.find(e => e.word == query);
    return entry && entry.translation;
  }
}
class CountingDictionary extends Dictionary {
  countEntries() {
    return this.entries.length;
  }
}

let es2enPromise = CountingDictionary.load('spanish.json'),
    h1 = document.querySelector('h1'),
    input = document.querySelector('input'),
    output = document.querySelector('output');

es2enPromise.then(es2en => {
  fh1.innerHTML = es2en.countEntries();
  input.addEventListener(…);
});

正如您所看到的,与包含promise的实例相比,此appraoch需要更少的整体嵌套。对实例的承诺也是更好的可组合,例如当您需要在安装侦听器并显示输出之前等待domready时,您将能够获得DOM的承诺,并且可以等待使用Promise.all

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您必须将fetch()调用的结果分配给某个变量,例如:

initialize(){
  this.promise = fetch(this.url)
    .then(response => response.json())
    .then(entries => this.entries = entries)
}

然后你可以调用then()方法:

let es2en = new CountingDictionary('spanish.json'),
    h1 = document.querySelector('h1'),
    input = document.querySelector('input'),
    output = document.querySelector('output');

es2en.promise.then(() => h1.innerHTML = es2en.countEntries())

input.addEventListener('input', ev => {
  ev.preventDefault();
  let translation = es2en.find(ev.target.value);
  if(translation)
    output.innerHTML = `${translation}`;
})

答案 2 :(得分:0)

一个简单的解决方案:在fetch()之后保留承诺,然后添加一个ready()方法,让您等到类完全初始化之后:

class Dictionary {
  constructor(url){
    /* ... */

    // store the promise from initialize() [see below]
    // in an internal variable
    this.promiseReady = this.initialize();
  }

  ready() {
    return this.promiseReady;
  }

  initialize() {
    // let initialize return the promise from fetch
    // so we know when it's completed
    return fetch(this.url)
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(entries => this.entries = entries)
  }

  find(query) { /* ... */ }
}

然后,在构建完对象后,只需致电.ready(),您就会知道它何时被加载:

let es2en = new CountingDictionary('spanish.json')
es2en.ready()
  .then(() => {
    // we're loaded and ready
    h1.innerHTML = es2en.countEntries();
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // whoops, something went wrong
  });

作为一个额外的优点,您只需使用.catch来检测加载过程中发生的错误,例如网络错误或未捕获的异常。