Question

可能重复：
How do you list the primary key of a SQL Server table?

我想使用 SQL Server 数据库的SQL查询获取特定表的主键。

在 MySQL 中，我使用以下查询来获取表主键：

SHOW KEYS FROM tablename WHERE Key_name = 'PRIMARY'

上述 SQL Server 的查询等同于什么？

如果有一个查询适用于 MySQL 和 SQL Server ，那么这将是一个理想的情况。

Answer 1

我还发现了SQL Server的另一个：

SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA + '.' + QUOTENAME(CONSTRAINT_NAME)), 'IsPrimaryKey') = 1
AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Schema'

Answer 2

找到另一个：

SELECT KU.table_name as TABLENAME,column_name as PRIMARYKEYCOLUMN
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS TC
INNER JOIN
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KU
          ON TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
             TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = KU.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND 
             KU.table_name='yourTableName'
ORDER BY KU.TABLE_NAME, KU.ORDINAL_POSITION;

我在SQL Server 2003/2005上测试了这个

Answer 3

使用SQL SERVER 2005，您可以尝试

SELECT  i.name AS IndexName,
        OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) AS TableName,
        COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id) AS ColumnName
FROM    sys.indexes AS i INNER JOIN 
        sys.index_columns AS ic ON  i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID
                                AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
WHERE   i.is_primary_key = 1

找到SQL SERVER – 2005 – Find Tables With Primary Key Constraint in Database

Answer 4

从内存来看，就是这个

SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK' 
AND  object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')

或者这个..

SELECT * FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'PK' 
AND  parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ('tableName')

我认为其中一个应该可以工作，具体取决于数据的存储方式但我担心我无法访问SQL来实际验证相同的内容。

Answer 5

SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM {DATABASENAME}.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE '{TABLENAME}' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE 'PK%'

在哪里   {DATABASENAME} =您服务器上的数据库和
  {TABLENAME} =您要从中查看主键的表名。

注意：输入您的数据库名称和表名称，不带括号。

Answer 6

select * 
from sysobjects 
where xtype='pk' and 
   parent_obj in (select id from sysobjects where name='tablename')

这将在sql 2005中起作用

Answer 7

这应列出所有约束，最后您可以设置过滤器

/* CAST IS DONE , SO THAT OUTPUT INTEXT FILE REMAINS WITH SCREEN LIMIT*/
WITH   ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE (CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,PARENT_TABLE_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME,PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE,REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME,REFERENCE_COL_NAME) 
AS
(
SELECT  CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (PKnUKEY.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        CONSTRAINT_TYPE=CAST (PKnUKEY.type_desc AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (PKnUTable.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( PKnUKEYCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE=  oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,        
        REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME='' ,
        REFERENCE_COL_NAME='' 

FROM sys.key_constraints as PKnUKEY
    INNER JOIN sys.tables as PKnUTable
            ON PKnUTable.object_id = PKnUKEY.parent_object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.index_columns as PKnUColIdx
            ON PKnUColIdx.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
            AND PKnUColIdx.index_id = PKnUKEY.unique_index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.columns as PKnUKEYCol
            ON PKnUKEYCol.object_id = PKnUTable.object_id
            AND PKnUKEYCol.column_id = PKnUColIdx.column_id
     INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
            ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=PKnUTable.name
            AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=PKnUKEYCol.name
UNION ALL
SELECT  CONSTRAINT_NAME= CAST (oConstraint.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FK',
        PARENT_TABLE_NAME=CAST (oParent.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME=CAST ( oParentCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        PARENT_COL_NAME_DATA_TYPE= oParentColDtl.DATA_TYPE,     
        REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME=CAST ( oReference.name AS VARCHAR(30)) ,
        REFERENCE_COL_NAME=CAST (oReferenceCol.name AS VARCHAR(30)) 
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns FKC
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oConstraint
            ON FKC.constraint_object_id=oConstraint.id 
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oParent
            ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParent.id
    INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oParentCol
            ON FKC.parent_object_id=oParentCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
            AND FKC.parent_column_id=oParentCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/
    INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects oReference
            ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReference.id
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS oParentColDtl
            ON oParentColDtl.TABLE_NAME=oParent.name
            AND oParentColDtl.COLUMN_NAME=oParentCol.name
    INNER JOIN sys.all_columns oReferenceCol
            ON FKC.referenced_object_id=oReferenceCol.object_id /* ID of the object to which this column belongs.*/
            AND FKC.referenced_column_id=oReferenceCol.column_id/* ID of the column. Is unique within the object.Column IDs might not be sequential.*/

)

select * from   ALL_KEYS_IN_TABLE
where   
    PARENT_TABLE_NAME  in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME') 
    or REFERENCE_TABLE_NAME  in ('YOUR_TABLE_NAME')
ORDER BY PARENT_TABLE_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME;

供参考，请阅读通过 - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqltips/archive/2005/09/16/469136.aspx

Answer 8

请注意，如果您想获得准确的主要字段，则需要将TABLE_NAME和TABLE_SCHEMA置于条件中。

此解决方案应该有效：

select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 
where CONSTRAINT_NAME='PRIMARY' AND TABLE_NAME='TABLENAME' 
AND TABLE_SCHEMA='DATABASENAME'

Answer 9

我给你的代码不仅可以工作，也可以检索SQL Server中的表中的大量数据。在SQL Server 2k5 / 2k8中测试，dunno大约2k。享受！

SELECT DISTINCT
    sys.tables.object_id AS TableId,
    sys.columns.column_id AS ColumnId,
    sys.columns.name AS ColumnName,
    sys.types.name AS TypeName,
    sys.columns.precision AS NumericPrecision,
    sys.columns.scale AS NumericScale,
    sys.columns.is_nullable AS IsNullable,
    (   SELECT 
            COUNT(column_name)
        FROM 
            INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE 
        WHERE
            TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND
            CONSTRAINT_NAME =
                (   SELECT
                    constraint_name
                    FROM 
                        INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
                    WHERE
                        TABLE_NAME = sys.tables.name AND                    
                        constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND
                        COLUMN_NAME = sys.columns.name
                )
    ) AS IsPrimaryKey,
    sys.columns.max_length / 2 AS CharMaxLength /*BUG*/
FROM 
    sys.columns, sys.types, sys.tables 
WHERE
    sys.tables.object_id = sys.columns.object_id AND
    sys.types.system_type_id = sys.columns.system_type_id AND
    sys.types.user_type_id = sys.columns.user_type_id AND
    sys.tables.name = 'TABLE'
ORDER BY 
    IsPrimaryKey

您只能使用主键部分，但我认为其余部分可能会变得很方便。最好的祝福，大卫

Answer 10

它也是（Transact-SQL）......根据BOL。

-- exec sp_serveroption 'SERVER NAME', 'data access', 'true' --execute once  

EXEC sp_primarykeys @table_server = N'server_name', 
  @table_name = N'table_name',
  @table_catalog = N'db_name', 
  @table_schema = N'schema_name'; --frequently 'dbo'

SQL Server：使用sql查询获取表主键

10 个答案: