抽象扩展方法从抽象类继承

时间:2016-08-31 15:52:10

标签: c# inheritance abstract-class extension-methods

我试图实现以下目标,但还不确定它是否可能: (幕后是我试图做的CarFactory--实现工厂设计模式)

我有一个抽象的课程" Car"具有在所有汽车之间共享的坚固属性,我有像#34; RadioDisc"," FuelInjection"并非所有汽车都有。

可能有几种类型的" RadioDisc"或" FuelInjection"。

这些功能都遵循某种模式,具有共享属性,但汽车上的安装过程不同。

我希望每个功能都能根据可以执行某些操作的方法对Car进行更改。

扩展名应如下所示:

Car myCar = new Car();  //Car is a class which has solid props & List of Feature class
FuelInjection V1 = new FuelInjection(); 
myCar.Install<FuelInjection>(V1) ; 

理想情况下应该这样做,但我有编译错误 -

  

扩展方法必须在非泛型静态类中定义

当然,我不想要一个通用的静态方法,我想要一个具有相同签名的方法,但是会在每个继承Feature的类上对汽车做一些不同的事情。

功能的示例是FuelInjection,它将成本添加到汽车中,让我们说改善汽车上的FuelConsumption属性。

摘要要素类:

public abstract class Feature
{
    internal float _cost;

    public float Cost
    {
        get
        {
            return _cost;
        }
    }

    public abstract void Install<T>(this Car car) where T : Feature;
}

具体功能:

  public class FuelInjection : Feature
    {
        public new void Install<T>(this Car car) where T : Feature
        {
            //In iDo some stuff to Car:
            car.price += this._cost; //this suppose to be the Feature instance. 
                                     //I want to add the cost to property "Price" in Car.
        }
}

在c#中甚至可以吗? 是否还有不同的方向?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您始终可以定义界面(或使用您的抽象类):

public interface IFeature
{
    void Install(Car car);
}

从中继承:

public class Feature : IFeature, IComparable
{
    public void Install(Car car) 
    {
         ....
    }
}

然后进行扩展:

public static class CarExt
{
     public static void InstallFeature(this Car car, IFeature feature) 
     {
         feature.Install(car);  
     }
}

如果你的抽象类只是:

public static class CarExt
{
     public static void InstallFeature(this Car car, Feature feature) 
     {
         feature.Install(car);  
     }
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

如果我理解你的问题,你应该寻找装饰模式。

价:  http://www.dotnet-tricks.com/Tutorial/designpatterns/VRQT130713-Decorator-Design-Pattern---C

来自网站:

“装饰器模式用于向现有对象添加新功能而不改变其结构。因此,Decorator模式提供了一种替代方法来继承以修改对象的行为。”

来自dotnet-tricks网站的代码示例:

/// <summary>
/// The 'Component' interface
/// </summary>
public interface Vehicle
{
 string Make { get; }
 string Model { get; }
 double Price { get; }
}

/// <summary>
/// The 'ConcreteComponent' class
/// </summary>
public class HondaCity : Vehicle
{
 public string Make
 {
 get { return "HondaCity"; }
 }

 public string Model
 {
 get { return "CNG"; }
 }

 public double Price
 {
 get { return 1000000; }
 }
}

/// <summary>
/// The 'Decorator' abstract class
/// </summary>
public abstract class VehicleDecorator : Vehicle
{
 private Vehicle _vehicle;

 public VehicleDecorator(Vehicle vehicle)
 {
 _vehicle = vehicle;
 }

 public string Make
 {
 get { return _vehicle.Make; }
 }

 public string Model
 {
 get { return _vehicle.Model; }
 }

 public double Price
 {
 get { return _vehicle.Price; }
 }

}

/// <summary>
/// The 'ConcreteDecorator' class
/// </summary>
public class SpecialOffer : VehicleDecorator
{
 public SpecialOffer(Vehicle vehicle) : base(vehicle) { }

 public int DiscountPercentage { get; set; }
 public string Offer { get; set; }

 public double Price
 {
 get
 {
 double price = base.Price;
 int percentage = 100 - DiscountPercentage;
 return Math.Round((price * percentage) / 100, 2);
 }
 }

}

/// <summary>
/// Decorator Pattern Demo
/// </summary>
class Program
{
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 // Basic vehicle
 HondaCity car = new HondaCity();

 Console.WriteLine("Honda City base price are : {0}", car.Price);

 // Special offer
 SpecialOffer offer = new SpecialOffer(car);
 offer.DiscountPercentage = 25;
 offer.Offer = "25 % discount";

 Console.WriteLine("{1} @ Diwali Special Offer and price are : {0} ", offer.Price, offer.Offer);

 Console.ReadKey();

 }
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

编译器消息已告诉您,您尝试这样做的方式是不可能的。扩展方法必须 static 类的静态方法。

因此,您只能将方法声明为简单的抽象/实例方法:

public abstract class Feature : IComparable
{
    internal float _cost;
    public abstract void Install(Car car);
}

public class FuelInjection : Feature
{
    public override void Install(Car car)
    {
        car.price += this._cost;
    }
}

但是您可以使用Feature参数创建一个简单的扩展,以便按照您的意愿包装调用:

public static class CarExtensions
{
    public static void Install(this Car car, Feature feature)
    {
        feature.Install(car);
    }
}

我们喜欢

myCar.Install(V1);

(假设V1是您FuelInjection的实例)。由于所有功能都继承自Feature,因此无需使用泛型

但实际上,我不知道这比直接拨打V1.Install(car)更好。