我想用糖制作一个绘图，就像你在桌子上扔一些糖，然后用手指“擦掉”糖颗粒形成一个图像一样。
有没有人知道我可以使用的js类型工具来实现这一目标？
我想我可以拍一张桌子的照片，还有一张带糖的桌子照片，然后擦掉顶层，但我担心这不会产生实际效果。
我正在考虑制作一张桌子照片，然后使用JS生成大量“含糖”粒子，然后我可以将其删除。尽管如此，这听起来难以置信。是吗？有人能指出我的方向吗？
答案 0 :(得分：3)
一个有趣的问题，我不得不花一点时间。
这可以通过创建几个缓冲来保持沙粒（糖）并在需要移动时给它们生命。
Javascript无法完成一百万个谷物的整个屏幕，所以这个演示只会更新一些并优先考虑新的动作，而不是允许较旧的移动谷物占用CPU时间。
数组active，sandStatus保持沙子收益。 active的像素地址为32Bit int，sandStatus具有年龄。数组sand保存每个像素的沙子数量并用于计算阴影效果（使用webGL着色器可以更好地使用阴影）并确定如果受到干扰或掉落到表面，沙子应该滑动到哪个方向
var activeMax包含活跃沙粒的最大数量。增加效果更好，如果模拟速度变慢则减少。
要放下沙子，请使用鼠标右键。抓住一个地方做一堆。左按钮推动沙子。当你遇到更大的堆时，机器可能会滞后（取决于CPU的功率和浏览器（最好用firefox））。
push函数检查sand数组是否有任何沙子。如果发现它会将沙子推离中心并将其堆积在边缘周围。有些沙子会掉下来。
函数sprinkle添加沙粒（一个是按像素坐标或按索引的时间）。函数push执行沙绘FX。 update通过检查周围的像素高度和向下移动谷物来移动沙粒。 renderPix处理渲染颗粒，创建阴影和停用沙粒。数组shadowChange包含已更改的像素索引，以便可以更新阴影。
演示的下半部分只是用于鼠标和画布设置的样板。关于答案的所有代码都在上半部分。
"use strict";
var activeMax = 2280; // this is the number of sand grains that are processed at
// at time. Increase for better looking effect. decrease
// if the machine is not keeping up with the load
var cw;
var ch;
var w; //
var h;
var canvasBuf = document.createElement("canvas");
var ctxB
var globalTime; // global to this
var pixels
var sand;
var sandToFall;
var sandToFallCount = 36000;
var shadow; // shadow pixels
var activeMax = 2280;
var active; // index of pixel for active grain
var sandStatus; // status of active grain
var shadowChange; // holds index of pixels that have a shadow change
var pixels;
var buf;
var grain = 0xFFFFFFFF;
var shadowGrain = 0x00000000;
var ready = false;
var sandReady = 0;
var nextActive = 0;
var nextActiveShadow = 0;
var onResize = function(){
cw = canvas.width;
ch = canvas.height;
w = cw; //
h = ch;
pixels = w*h;
canvasBuf.width = w;
canvasBuf.height = h;
ctxB = canvasBuf.getContext("2d");
sand = new Uint8ClampedArray(pixels);
shadow = new Uint8ClampedArray(pixels); // shadow pixels
sandToFall = new Uint32Array(sandToFallCount);
activeMax = 2280;
active = new Uint32Array(activeMax); // index of pixel for active grain
sandStatus = new Uint16Array(activeMax); // status of active grain
shadowChange= new Uint32Array(activeMax); // holds index of pixels that have a shadow change
sandStatus.fill(0); // clear
active.fill(0);
shadowChange.fill(0);
ctxB.clearRect(0,0,w,h);
ctxB.fillStyle = "white";
ctxB.font = "84px arial";
ctxB.textAlign = "center";
ctxB.globalAlpha = 0.01;
for(var i = 0; i < 12; i ++){
ctxB.fillText("Sand Doodler!",w/2 + (Math.random()-0.5)*5,h/2 + (Math.random()-0.5)*5);
}
ctxB.globalAlpha = 1;
pixels = ctxB.getImageData(0,0,w,h);
buf = new Uint32Array(pixels.data.buffer);
for(i = 0; i < buf.length; i += 3){
if(buf[i] !== 0){
var c = buf[i] >>> 24;
buf[i] = 0;
while(c > 0){
var ind = Math.floor(Math.random()*sandToFallCount);
if(sandToFall[ind] === 0){
sandToFall[ind] = i;
}
c = c >>> 1;
}
}
}
buf.fill(0);
offsets = [1,w-1,w,w+1,-w-1,-w,-w+1,-1];
shadowOffsets = [-w-1,-w,-1];
ready = true;
sandReady=0;
}
function sprinkle(x,y){
var ind;
if(y === undefined){
ind = x;
}else{
ind = x + y*w;
}
var alreadyExists = active.indexOf(ind);
var ac = nextActive;
if(alreadyExists > -1){
sand[ind] += 1;
shadow[ind] = 0;
sandStatus[alreadyExists] = 66;
}else{
active[nextActive] = ind;
sandStatus[nextActive] = 66;
shadowChange[nextActiveShadow];
nextActiveShadow = (nextActiveShadow+1)%activeMax;
nextActive = (nextActive +1)%activeMax;
sand[ind] += 1;
shadow[ind] = 0;
}
return ac;
}
var offsets = [1,w-1,w,w+1,-w-1,-w,-w+1,-1];
var offsetCount = 8;
function update(){
var min,max,minDir,maxDir,dir,start,jj,j,ind,level,i,l1;
for( i = 0; i <activeMax; i ++){
if(sandStatus[i] !== 0){
ind = active[i];
level = sand[ind];
if(level === 1){
sandStatus[i] = 1; // deactive is cant move (level ground)
}else{
min = level;
var d;
minDir = offsets[Math.floor(Math.random()*16)];
dir = null;
start = Math.floor(Math.random()*16); // start at a random direction
for(j=0;j < offsetCount; j++){
jj = offsets[(j + start)%offsetCount];
l1 = sand[ind+jj];
if(l1 < min){
min = l1;
minDir = jj;
d = (j + start)%offsetCount;
}
}
dir = null;
if(min >= level - 1){ // nowhere to move
sandStatus[i] = 1;
}else
if(min < level-1){ // move to lowest
dir = minDir
}
if(dir !== null){
var lv = level-min;
while(lv > 2){
active[i] = ind + dir;
if(sand[ind] > 1){
sand[ind] -= 2;
sprinkle(ind)
}else{
sand[ind] -=1;
}
ind = ind+dir;
sand[active[i]] += 1;
if(sand[active[i] + offsets[d]] >=level){
d+= Math.random()<0.5? 1 : offsetCount -1;
d %=offsetCount;
}
lv -= 1;
}
if(sand[ind]>0){
active[i] = ind + dir;
sand[ind] -= 1;
}
sand[active[i]] += 1;
}
}
}
}
}
var shadowOffsets = [-w-1,-w,-1];
var shadowCols = [0xFFf0f0f0,0xFFd0d0d0,0xFFb0b0b0,0xFF909090];
var shadowDist = [0xf0000000,0xd0000000,0xb0000000,0x90000000]; // shadow col no sand
// renders grains and adds shadows. Deactivates gains when they are done
function renderPix(){
var ac = 0;
for(var i = 0; i < activeMax; i ++){
if(sandStatus[i] !== 0){
ac += 1;
var ind = active[i];
buf[ind] = grain;
}
}
for(var i = 0; i < activeMax; i ++){
if(sandStatus[i] !== 0){
var ind = active[i];
var level = sand[ind];
var col =0;
if(sand[ind + shadowOffsets[0]] > level ){
col = 2;
}else
if(sand[ind + shadowOffsets[1]] > level ){
col =1;
}else
if(sand[ind + shadowOffsets[2]] > level ){
col = 1;
}
buf[ind] = grain; // add a sand grain to the image
shadow[ind] = col;
shadowChange[nextActiveShadow] = ind;
nextActiveShadow = (nextActiveShadow + 1)%activeMax;
var c = 4;
while(c > 0){
c-=1;
ind += w + 1;
var s = sand[ind];
var dif = level - s;
if(dif > 0){
c-= dif;
}
shadow[ind] += 1;
shadowChange[nextActiveShadow] = ind;
nextActiveShadow = (nextActiveShadow + 1)%activeMax;
}
sandStatus[i] -= 1;
if(sandStatus[i] === 1){
sandStatus[i] = 0;
active[i] = 0;
}
}
}
// add calculated shadows
for(var i = 0; i < activeMax; i ++){
if(shadowChange[i] !== 0){
var ind = shadowChange[i];
var s = shadow[ind] <4 ? shadow[ind]-1:3;
if(sand[ind] > 0){
buf[ind]=shadowCols[s];
}else{
buf[ind]=shadowDist[s];
}
shadowChange[i] = 0;
}
}
}
// push sand about
function push(x,y,radius){
var iyy,iny
var rr = radius * radius ;
x = Math.floor(x);
y = Math.floor(y);
for(var iy = -radius + 1; iy < radius; iy ++){
iyy = iy * iy;
iny = (y+iy) * w;
for(var ix = -radius + 1; ix < radius; ix ++){
if(ix*ix + iyy <= rr){ // is inside radius
var ind = (x + ix) + iny;
if(sand[ind] > 0){
var dir = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
dir = Math.atan2(iy,ix)
var r = radius + Math.random() * radius *0.2
var xx = Math.cos(dir) * r;
var yy = Math.sin(dir) * r;
buf[ind] = 0x000000;
sand[ind] = 0;
ind = Math.floor(xx + x) + Math.floor(yy + y) * w;
sprinkle(ind);
}else{
buf[ind] = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
function showHeight(){ // for debugging only
for(var i = 0; i < sand.length; i ++){
buf[i] = 0xff000000;
var k = sand[i];
buf[i] +=(k <<16) + (k<<8) + (k);
}
}
// main update function
function display(){
if(!ready){ // only when ready
return;
}
//ctx.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0); // reset transform
ctx.clearRect(0,0,cw,ch);
var mx = Math.floor((mouse.x/cw)*w); // canvas buf mouse pos
var my = Math.floor((mouse.y/ch)*h);
// drop sand
if(mouse.buttonRaw & 4){
for(var i = 0; i < 120; i ++){
var dir = Math.random()*Math.PI;
var dist = ((Math.random()+Math.random()+Math.random())/3-0.5) * 62;
var x = Math.cos(dir) * dist;
var y = Math.sin(dir) * dist;
x += mx;
y += my;
x = Math.floor(x); // floor
y = Math.floor(y); // floor
sprinkle(x,y);
}
}else{
// drop sand for intro FX
if(sandReady <sandToFallCount){
for(var i = 0; i < 120; i ++){
if(sandToFall[sandReady] !== 0){
sprinkle(sandToFall[sandReady] + offsets[Math.floor(Math.random()*8)%offsets.length]);
}
sandReady += 1;
}
}
}
// push sand about.
if(mouse.buttonRaw & 1){
push(((mouse.x/cw)*w),((mouse.y/ch)*h),32); // scale mouse to canvasBuf size
}
update();
renderPix();
//showHeight();
ctxB.putImageData(pixels,0,0);
ctx.drawImage(canvasBuf,0,0,cw,ch);
}
//==================================================================================================
// The following code is support code that provides me with a standard interface to various forums.
// It provides a mouse interface, a full screen canvas, and some global often used variable
// like canvas, ctx, mouse, w, h (width and height), globalTime
// This code is not intended to be part of the answer unless specified and has been formated to reduce
// display size. It should not be used as an example of how to write a canvas interface.
// By Blindman67
const U = undefined;const RESIZE_DEBOUNCE_TIME = 100;
var canvas,ctx,mouse,createCanvas,resizeCanvas,setGlobals,globalTime=0,resizeCount = 0;
createCanvas = function () { var c,cs; cs = (c = document.createElement("canvas")).style; cs.position = "absolute"; cs.top = cs.left = "0px"; cs.zIndex = 1000; document.body.appendChild(c); return c;}
resizeCanvas = function () {
if (canvas === U) { canvas = createCanvas(); } canvas.width = window.innerWidth; canvas.height = window.innerHeight; ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (typeof setGlobals === "function") { setGlobals(); } if (typeof onResize === "function"){ resizeCount += 1; setTimeout(debounceResize,RESIZE_DEBOUNCE_TIME);}
}
function debounceResize(){ resizeCount -= 1; if(resizeCount <= 0){ onResize();}}
setGlobals = function(){ cw = w = canvas.width; ch = h = canvas.height; mouse.updateBounds(); }
mouse = (function(){
function preventDefault(e) { e.preventDefault(); }
var mouse = {
x : 0, y : 0, w : 0, alt : false, shift : false, ctrl : false, buttonRaw : 0, over : false, bm : [1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3],
active : false,bounds : null, crashRecover : null, mouseEvents : "mousemove,mousedown,mouseup,mouseout,mouseover,mousewheel,DOMMouseScroll".split(",")
};
var m = mouse;
function mouseMove(e) {
var t = e.type;
m.x = e.clientX - m.bounds.left; m.y = e.clientY - m.bounds.top;
m.alt = e.altKey; m.shift = e.shiftKey; m.ctrl = e.ctrlKey;
if (t === "mousedown") { m.buttonRaw |= m.bm[e.which-1]; }
else if (t === "mouseup") { m.buttonRaw &= m.bm[e.which + 2]; }
else if (t === "mouseout") { m.buttonRaw = 0; m.over = false; }
else if (t === "mouseover") { m.over = true; }
else if (t === "mousewheel") { m.w = e.wheelDelta; }
else if (t === "DOMMouseScroll") { m.w = -e.detail; }
if (m.callbacks) { m.callbacks.forEach(c => c(e)); }
if((m.buttonRaw & 2) && m.crashRecover !== null){ if(typeof m.crashRecover === "function"){ setTimeout(m.crashRecover,0);}}
e.preventDefault();
}
m.updateBounds = function(){
if(m.active){
m.bounds = m.element.getBoundingClientRect();
}
}
m.addCallback = function (callback) {
if (typeof callback === "function") {
if (m.callbacks === U) { m.callbacks = [callback]; }
else { m.callbacks.push(callback); }
} else { throw new TypeError("mouse.addCallback argument must be a function"); }
}
m.start = function (element, blockContextMenu) {
if (m.element !== U) { m.removeMouse(); }
m.element = element === U ? document : element;
m.blockContextMenu = blockContextMenu === U ? false : blockContextMenu;
m.mouseEvents.forEach( n => { m.element.addEventListener(n, mouseMove); } );
if (m.blockContextMenu === true) { m.element.addEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault, false); }
m.active = true;
m.updateBounds();
}
m.remove = function () {
if (m.element !== U) {
m.mouseEvents.forEach(n => { m.element.removeEventListener(n, mouseMove); } );
if (m.contextMenuBlocked === true) { m.element.removeEventListener("contextmenu", preventDefault);}
m.element = m.callbacks = m.contextMenuBlocked = U;
m.active = false;
}
}
return mouse;
})();
function main(timer){ // Main update loop
globalTime = timer;
display(); // call demo code
requestAnimationFrame(main);
}
resizeCanvas();
mouse.start(canvas,true);
window.addEventListener("resize",resizeCanvas);
requestAnimationFrame(main);body {
background:#49D;
}
.help {
text-align : center;
font-family : Arial,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size : 18px;
}<div class="help">Right mouse to drop sand, left button to push it around.</div>