Question

数据采用给定格式 -

Id      Date        Location
a123    6/6/2016    mmp
a123    6/7/2016    jpr
a123    6/8/2016    hjl
a123    6/9/2016    jhag
a678    6/10/2016   hjlwe
a678    6/11/2016   mkass
a980    6/7/2016    asdadf
a980    6/7/2016    lasdj
a980    6/7/2016    xswd

我希望以给定的格式使用相同的内容 - ：

Id      Date 1      Location1   Date 2      Location 2  Date 3      Location 3
a123    6/6/2016    mmp         6/7/2016    jpr         6/8/2016    hjl
a678    6/10/2016   hjlwe       6/11/2016   mkass        
a980    6/7/2016    asdadf      6/7/2016    lasdj       6/7/2016

如何在SQL中执行此操作？

Answer 1

您可以将ROW_NUMBER()与条件聚合一起使用：

SELECT s.id,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 1 THEN s.date END) as date_1,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 1 THEN s.location END) as location_1,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 2 THEN s.date END) as date_2,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 2 THEN s.location END) as location_2,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 3 THEN s.date END) as date_3,
       MAX(CASE WHEN s.rnk = 3 THEN s.location END) as location_3
FROM(
    SELECT t.*,
           ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY t.id ORDER BY t.Date) as rnk
    FROM YourTable t) s
GROUP BY s.id

这也可以用PIVOT来解决，但只要列数量有限，我更喜欢使用条件聚合。

如果您需要添加更多级别，只需按照逻辑操作并将3替换为4，依此类推..

Answer 2

此外，您可以使用PIVOT（如果列数可以动态更改，您必须使用动态SQL）：

;WITH cte AS (
SELECT *
FROM (VALUES
('a123',    '6/6/2016',    'mmp'),
('a123',    '6/7/2016',    'jpr'),
('a123',    '6/8/2016',    'hjl'),
('a123',    '6/9/2016',   'jhag'),
('a678',    '6/10/2016',   'hjlwe'),
('a678',    '6/11/2016',   'mkass'),
('a980',    '6/7/2016',    'asdadf'),
('a980',    '6/7/2016',    'lasdj'),
('a980',    '6/7/2016',    'xswd')
) as t(Id, [Date], [Location])
)

SELECT  p1.Id,
        p1.[Date1],
        p2.[Location1],
        p1.[Date2],
        p2.[Location2],
        p1.[Date3],
        p2.[Location3],
        p1.[Date4],
        p2.[Location4]
FROM 
    (SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT  Id, 
                [Date], 
                'Date' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10)) as rn
        fROM cte
        ) AS D
    PIVOT (
    MAX([Date]) for  RN in ([Date1],[Date2],[Date3],[Date4])
    ) as pvt
    ) as p1
LEFT JOIN 
    (SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT  Id, 
                [Location], 
                'Location' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10)) as rn
        fROM cte
        ) AS D
    PIVOT (
    MAX([Location]) for  RN in ([Location1],[Location2],[Location3],[Location4])
    ) as pvt
    ) as p2
    ON p1.Id = p2.Id

输出：

Id   Date1     Location1 Date2     Location2 Date3     Location3 Date4     Location4
---- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
a123 6/6/2016  mmp       6/7/2016  jpr       6/8/2016  hjl       6/9/2016  jhag
a678 6/10/2016 hjlwe     6/11/2016 mkass     NULL      NULL      NULL      NULL
a980 6/7/2016  lasdj     6/7/2016  xswd      6/7/2016  asdadf    NULL      NULL

修改

使用动态SQL（相同输出）：

CREATE TABLE #temp ( Id nvarchar(10), [Date] date, [Location] nvarchar(10) ) INSERT INTO #temp VALUES ('a123', '6/6/2016', 'mmp'), ('a123', '6/7/2016', 'jpr'), ('a123', '6/8/2016', 'hjl'), ('a123', '6/9/2016', 'jhag'), ('a678', '6/10/2016', 'hjlwe'), ('a678', '6/11/2016', 'mkass'), ('a980', '6/7/2016', 'asdadf'), ('a980', '6/7/2016', 'lasdj'), ('a980', '6/7/2016', 'xswd') DECLARE @locs nvarchar(max), @dates nvarchar(max), @cols nvarchar(max), @sql nvarchar(max) SELECT @locs = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('Location' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10))) FROM #temp FOR XML PATH('') ),1,1,'') SELECT @dates = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('Date' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10))) FROM #temp FOR XML PATH('') ),1,1,'') SELECT @cols = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('Date' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10))) + ',' + QUOTENAME('Location' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10))) FROM #temp FOR XML PATH('') ),1,1,'') SELECT @sql =' SELECT p1.Id, '+@cols+' FROM (SELECT * FROM ( SELECT Id, [Date], ''Date'' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10)) as rn fROM #temp ) AS D PIVOT ( MAX([Date]) for RN in ('+@dates+') ) as pvt ) as p1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM ( SELECT Id, [Location], ''Location'' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY [Date]) AS NVARCHAR(10)) as rn fROM #temp ) AS D PIVOT ( MAX([Location]) for RN in ('+@locs+') ) as pvt ) as p2 ON p1.Id = p2.Id' EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql DROP TABLE #temp

Answer 3

如果您不知道有多少列，则可以使用sagi's answer的动态版本。这是一个使用dynamic crosstab：

的人

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';

SELECT @sql =
'SELECT
    t.id' + CHAR(10);

SELECT @sql = @sql + 
(SELECT
'   , MAX(CASE WHEN rn = ' + CAST(rn AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' THEN t.Date END) AS ' + QUOTENAME('Date' + CAST(rn AS VARCHAR(10))) + CHAR(10) +
'   , MAX(CASE WHEN rn = ' + CAST(rn AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' THEN t.Location END) AS ' + QUOTENAME('Location' + CAST(rn AS VARCHAR(10))) + CHAR(10)
FROM (
    SELECT DISTINCT 
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY(SELECT NULL)) AS rn
    FROM tbl
) t
ORDER BY rn
FOR XML PATH(''));

SELECT @sql = @sql +
'FROM (
    SELECT *,
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY Date) AS rn
    FROM tbl
) t
GROUP BY t.Id;';

PRINT (@sql);
EXEC (@sql);

ONLINE DEMO

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3 个答案: