我是c ++的新手(以及一般的编码),并且最近一直在使用矢量中的结构,在这种情况下:
struct Contact{
string name;
string address;
string phone;
string email;};
vector<Contact> contacts;
因此,我的一个功能是搜索每个联系人,找到名称中存储的字符串与搜索输入匹配的联系人。为此,我做了一个for循环:
for(int i = 0; i < contacts.size(); i++){
if(contacts[i].name == searchInput){
cout << contacts[i].address << "\n\r" << contacts[i].phone << "\n\r" << contacts[i].email;
但由于某些原因,只有存储在以下位置的名称才能找到正确的联系人:
contacts[0].name
并且没有其他人。因此,在试图找出问题的时候,我决定做
cout << contacts.size();
我认为应该输出3,因为我只存储了三个联系人。但由于某种原因,它输出7.我是否仍然准确地列出联系人向量中存储的联系的迭代次数,以使我的for循环工作?
编辑我的完整代码:
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
struct Contact
{
string name;
string address;
string phone;
string email;
};
bool go;
bool a = false;
char command;
string endL = "\n\r";
string tab = "\t";
string line;
int i;
int counter = 0;
int contactCounter = 0;
vector<Contact> contacts;
void add(){
contacts.push_back(Contact());
int newcontact = contacts.size() - 1;
string input;
cout << "Enter the name: " << endL;
cin >> input;
contacts[newcontact].name = input;
cout << "Enter the address: " << endL;
cin >> input;
contacts[newcontact].address = input;
cout << "Enter the phone number: " << endL;
cin >> input;
contacts[newcontact].phone = input;
cout << "Enter the email address: " << endL;
cin >> input;
contacts[newcontact].email = input;
}
void search(string name){
for(int i = 0; i < contacts.size(); i++){
if(contacts[i].name == name){
cout << "Name: " << contacts[i].name << endL << "Address: " << contacts[i].address << endL << "Phone Number: " << contacts[i].phone << endL << "Email: " << contacts[i].email << endL << endL;
a = true;
}
}
if(a == false){
cout << "There is no contact under that name." << endL;
}
}
int main() {
ifstream phonebook;
phonebook.open("phonebook.txt");
if(phonebook.is_open()){
while(getline(phonebook,line)){
if(line.empty() == false){
if(counter % 4 == 0){
contacts.push_back(Contact());
contacts[contactCounter].name = line;
}else if(counter % 4 == 1){
contacts[contactCounter].address = line;
}else if(counter % 4 == 2){
contacts[contactCounter].phone = line;
}else if(counter % 4 == 3){
contacts[contactCounter].email = line;
contactCounter++;
}
counter++;
}
}
}else{cout << "an error has occurred while opening the phonebook";}
phonebook.close();
cout << contacts.size() << endL;
cout << "Enter a command." << endL << tab << "To add a contact, enter '+'" << endL << tab << "To search for a contact, enter 's'" << endL << tab << "To delete a contact, enter '-'" << endL << tab << "To quit the program, enter 'q'" << endL;
cin >> command;
while(command != 'q'){
if(command == '+'){
add();
command = '/';
}
else if(command == 's'){
string searched;
cout << "Please enter who you would like to search for: ";
cin >> searched;
search(searched);
command = '/';
}
else if(command == '-'){
cout << "Not done." << endL;
command = '/';
}
else if(command == '/'){
cout << "Enter a command." << endL << tab << "To add a contact, enter '+'" << endL << tab << "To search for a contact, enter 's'" << endL << tab << "To delete a contact, enter '-'" << endL << tab << "To quit the program, enter 'q'" << endL;
cin >> command;
}
else{
cout << "That command is invalid." << endL;
cout << "Enter a command." << endL << tab << "To add a contact, enter '+'" << endL << tab << "To search for a contact, enter 's'" << endL << tab << "To delete a contact, enter '-'" << endL << tab << "To quit the program, enter 'q'" << endL;
cin >> command;
}
}
ofstream newbook;
newbook.open("phonebook.txt");
if(newbook.is_open()){
for(int i=0; i < contacts.size(); i++){
newbook << contacts[i].name << endl;
newbook << contacts[i].address << endl;
newbook << contacts[i].phone << endl;
newbook << contacts[i].email << endl;
newbook << endL;
}
}else{cout << "there was an issue saving your contacts" << endL;}
newbook.close();
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
除了这一行
之外,您的代码实际上没有任何问题string endL = "\n\r";
哪个应该只是
string endL = "\n";
\n
会自动转换为系统使用的行结尾,传统上在unix系统上为\n (0x0a)
,在Windows上为\r\n (0x0d0a)
。
但是,这对程序有多大影响呢?好吧,只有在程序结束时写入电话簿后才会生效,以便phonebook.txt
包含最后有\r\n\r
的这些虚假行结尾(在Windows上)。因此,当文件被读取时,它会一直读到新行\r\n
并看到\rPerson Name
后面的行!这解释了搜索失败的原因。
您还可能会看到一些额外的虚假联系人生成,因为最后可能会有一些额外的\r
个,每个都是一行。不看你的phonebook.txt
我不能肯定地说为什么你有额外的4,虽然我猜是额外的\r
s将是原因。
总而言之,使用\n
表示新行。
要回答标题,vector::size()
是获取向量中存储对象数量的方法。这不是骗你的。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
使用基于范围的for循环可确保您不会遇到任何不存在的联系人:
for(auto&& contact: contacts)
{
// Contact contact is now accessible.
}
此外,将a
存储为全局变量可能不是一个好主意。如果你执行search
两次会怎么样?