我相信我非常了解等递归和等递归类型。因此,我一直在尝试使用PLT Redex中的等递归类型为ISWIM实现类型检查器。然而,对于我的生活,我无法弄清楚如何使类型等价工作。其他一切都很棒。
这是我的语言:
(define-language iswim
[X ::= variable-not-otherwise-mentioned]
[b ::= number true false unit]
[O ::= + - * =]
[M ::= b X (λ (X : T) M) (M M) (if M M M) (O M M)
(pair M M) (fst M) (snd M) (inL M T) (inR M T)
(match M (λ (X : T) M) (λ (X : T) M))]
[V ::= b (λ (X : T) M) (pair V V) (inL V T) (inR V T)]
[T ::= X Unit Bool Num (T -> T) (T + T) (T × T) (μ (X) T)]
[Γ ::= () (X T Γ)]
#:binding-forms
(λ (X : T) M #:refers-to X)
(μ (X) T #:refers-to X))
类型检查器是一种判断形式(我认为“App”案例是错误的):
(define-judgment-form iswim
#:mode (types I I O)
#:contract (types Γ M T)
[-------------------- "Number"
(types Γ number Num)]
[-------------------- "True"
(types Γ true Bool)]
[-------------------- "False"
(types Γ false Bool)]
[-------------------- "Unit"
(types Γ unit Unit)]
[(where T (lookup Γ X))
-------------------- "Var"
(types Γ X T)]
[(types (X T_1 Γ) M T_2)
-------------------- "Abs"
(types Γ (λ (X : T_1) M) (T_1 -> T_2))]
[(types Γ M_1 T_1)
(types Γ M_2 T_2)
(equiv-types T_1 (T_2 -> T_3))
-------------------- "App"
(types Γ (M_1 M_2) T_3)]
[(types Γ M_1 Bool)
(types Γ M_2 T)
(types Γ M_3 T)
-------------------- "If"
(types Γ (if M_1 M_2 M_3) T)]
[(types Γ M_1 Num)
(types Γ M_2 Num)
(where T (return-type O))
-------------------- "Op"
(types Γ (O M_1 M_2) T)]
[(types Γ M_1 T_1)
(types Γ M_2 T_2)
-------------------- "Pair"
(types Γ (pair M_1 M_2) (T_1 × T_2))]
[(types Γ M (T_1 × T_2))
-------------------- "First"
(types Γ (fst M) T_1)]
[(types Γ M (T_1 × T_2))
-------------------- "Second"
(types Γ (snd M) T_2)]
[(types Γ M T_1)
-------------------- "Left"
(types Γ (inL M T_2) (T_1 + T_2))]
[(types Γ M T_2)
-------------------- "Right"
(types Γ (inR M T_1) (T_1 + T_2))]
[(types Γ M_3 (T_1 + T_2))
(types (X_1 T_1 Γ) M_1 T_3)
(types (X_2 T_2 Γ) M_2 T_3)
-------------------- "Match"
(types Γ (match M_3
(λ (X_1 : T_1) M_1)
(λ (X_2 : T_2) M_2))
T_3)])
类型等价是另一种判断形式(我把所有责任归咎于此代码):
(define-judgment-form iswim
#:mode (equiv-types I I)
#:contract (equiv-types T T)
[-------------------- "Refl"
(equiv-types T T)]
[(equiv-types T_1 T_3)
(equiv-types T_2 T_4)
-------------------- "Fun"
(equiv-types (T_1 -> T_2) (T_3 -> T_4))]
[(equiv-types T_1 T_3)
(equiv-types T_2 T_4)
-------------------- "Sum"
(equiv-types (T_1 + T_2) (T_3 + T_4))]
[(equiv-types T_1 T_3)
(equiv-types T_2 T_4)
-------------------- "Prod"
(equiv-types (T_1 × T_2) (T_3 × T_4))]
[(where X_3 ,(variable-not-in (term (T_1 T_2)) (term X_2)))
(equiv-types (substitute T_1 X_1 X_3) (substitute T_2 X_2 X_3))
-------------------- "Mu"
(equiv-types (μ (X_1) T_1) (μ (X_2) T_2))]
[(equiv-types (substitute T_1 X (μ (X) T_1)) T_2)
-------------------- "Mu Left"
(equiv-types (μ (X) T_1) T_2)]
[(equiv-types T_1 (substitute T_2 X (μ (X) T_2)))
-------------------- "Mu Right"
(equiv-types T_1 (μ (X) T_2))])
以下是我的元功能:
(define-metafunction iswim
lookup : Γ X -> T or #f
[(lookup () X) #f]
[(lookup (X T Γ) X) T]
[(lookup (X T Γ) X_1) (lookup Γ X_1)])
(define-metafunction iswim
return-type : O -> T
[(return-type +) Num]
[(return-type -) Num]
[(return-type *) Num]
[(return-type =) Bool])
任何帮助将不胜感激。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我从来没有使用过PLT Redex而且手头没有它,但是让我回答,因为你写了“[a] ny help将会受到赞赏。”:-) [编辑补充:我安装了PLT Redex和实现了等递归类型。见下文。]
作为等递归类型的一般挑战,您的算法不适用于像
这样的一对类型T1 =(μ(X)(Bool→X))
和
T2 =(μ(X)(Bool - >(Bool - > X)))
由于以下原因。假设我们根据您的算法比较T1和T2,如下所示:
WHERE "Fecha recepcion" > to_date('01/01/2016', 'DD/MM/YYYY')
AND "Fecha recepcion" < to_date('06/06/2016', 'DD/MM/YYYY')
根据定义:
T1 =?= T2
通过查看算法中μ的实体:
(μ (X) (Bool -> X)) =?= (μ (X) (Bool -> (Bool -> X)))
通过比较返回类型:
(Bool -> X3) =?= (Bool -> (Bool -> X3))
因此无法将T1和T2等同起来!
正确的算法应该“memoioze”已访问过的类型对,如下所示:
X3 =?= (Bool -> X3)
根据定义:
T1 =?= T2
通过扩展μ的 记住我们已经访问过T1和T2 :
(μ (X) (Bool -> X)) =?= (μ (X) (Bool -> (Bool -> X)))
通过比较返回类型:
(Bool -> T1) =?= (Bool -> (Bool -> T2)) ***assuming T1 = T2***
根据T1的定义:
T1 =?= (Bool -> T2) ***assuming T1 = T2***
通过扩展l.h.s。上的μ:
(μ (X) (Bool -> X)) =?= (Bool -> T2) ***assuming T1 = T2***
通过比较返回类型:
(Bool -> T1) =?= (Bool -> T2) ***assuming T1 = T2***
呀!
有关理论详情,请参阅例如Gapeyev等人提出的“递归子类型”。 (它考虑了子类型,但类型相等是相似的)。
P.S。我在PLT Redex中的实现如下。将其保存在文件中,在DrRacket中打开,然后运行。
T1 =?= T2 ***assuming T1 = T2***