我有一个类层次结构:
abstract class BaseThing
{
public abstract void doSomething();
}
class Thing1 extends BaseThing
{
@Override
public void doSomething()
{
doSomethingWithThing1();
}
}
class Thing2 extends BaseThing
{
@Override
public void doSomething()
{
doSomethingWithThing2();
}
}
// A dozen more classes that extend the BaseThing class.
我需要创建整个树的扩展版本。 Java中没有多重继承,因此我将其创建为:
interface BaseThingExt
{
public void doSomethingElse();
}
class Thing1Ext extends Thing1 implements BaseThingExt
{
@Override
public void doSomethingElse()
{
doSomethingElseWithThing1();
}
}
// All Thing.. classes are extended by ThingExt... classes
现在的问题。 我可以在哪里为所有ThingExt类添加一些公共字段?我不能将它们放在基接口中,因为它们会变成final static
。我不能使BaseThingExt成为抽象类,因为Java不支持多重继承。我无法相信唯一的解决方案是在所有ThingExt类中复制它们十几次!
答案 0 :(得分:7)
通常的技巧是使用组合而不是继承:
interface BaseThingExt
{
public void doSomethingElse();
}
class ConcreteImplementation implements BaseThing, BaseThingExt {
private final BaseThing thingDelegate;
private final BaseThingExt extDelegate;
public ConcreteImplementation(BaseThing thing, BaseThingExt ext) {
this.thingDelegate = thing;
this.extDelegate = ext;
}
@Override
public void doSomething() {
thingDelegate.doSomething();
}
@Override
public void doSomethingElse() {
extDelegate.doSomethingElse();
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:3)
我建议添加一个超类AbstractBaseThingExt
:
abstract class AbstractBaseThingExt implements BaseThingExt
{
private Object commonField;
public Object getCommonField(){}
public Object setCommonField(Object commonField){}
}
class ThingExt extends AbstractBaseThingExt
{
public ThingExt(BaseThing base) {
this.base = base;
}
public void doSomething()
{
this.base.doSomething();
}
}
ThingExt类应在适当时将实现委托给base
。