PDDL - 山羊,狼和白菜

时间:2016-04-25 16:24:49

标签: artificial-intelligence river-crossing-puzzle pddl

我被要求为着名的山羊,狼和卷心菜" scernario。场景如下:

农夫想要将所有三个人运送过河。但是,如果:

  • 山羊和白菜是独自留下的,山羊会吃白菜
  • 如果狼和山羊独处,狼会吃山羊!

因此,问题的一个解决方案如下:

  • 把山羊带过河,把它放在另一边
  • 回到河对岸
  • 拿起白菜或狼,带到另一边
  • 放下狼,拿起山羊,然后回到另一边
  • 放下山羊,拿起白菜,然后回到另一边
  • 拿起山羊,瞧!这三个都被运送了。

但是,我无法将其投射到PDDL中。我已经给出了问题定义:

(define 
(problem boat1)
(:domain boat)
; only needs two objects, namely representing
; either banke side of the river, [w]est and [e]ast
(:objects  w e)
(:INIT 
    ; wolf, goat, cabbage, boat are all on 
    ; the west side to start with
    (config w w w w)

    ; represent all valid states
    ; these two are the special case,
    ; representing that wolf and cabbage are
    ; safe together even if the boat is away
    (valid w e w e)
    (valid e w e w)

    ; these are all cases where two entities
    ; are always safe as long as the boat is 
    ; with them. In other words, a single entity
    ; on the other side is also always safe
    ; for west side
    (valid w w w w)
    (valid w w e w)
    (valid w e w w)
    (valid e w w w)
    ; for east side
    (valid e e e e)
    (valid e e w e)
    (valid e w e e)
    (valid w e e e)
    ; these are all valid states that are
    ; ever allowed


)

(:goal (AND 
        ; they all have to move to the east side
        (config e e e e)
    )
)

最后,我们只给了1个谓词,并且被告知这可以用4个动作完成。 Move_empty,move_goat,move_wolf,move_cabbage。

谓词是:

(配置?狼?山羊?白菜?船) (有效的?狼?山羊?白菜?船)

我尝试使用:

开始使用move_empty
    (:action move_empty
     :parameters (?from ?to)
     :precondition (and (valid ?x ?y ?z ?w) (on_left ?from) (on_right ?to))                      
     :effect (and (valid ?x ?y ?z ?w)))

我不希望得到答案,只有关于如何解决这个问题的帮助和建议,因为我找不到有关PDDL的大量信息。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

注意:我不知道 pddl 语言,这是我通过查看您的代码所取得的成就。

MAIN IDEA

在您的问题中,每个实体都被描述为位于河流的 west east 区域,并且使用它们在谓词 config 和有效

每个操作从给定的配置开始,必须结束到另一个配置。此外,我们必须要求结束 配置 有效

所以 move_empty east west 一侧的银行就像这样简单:

dtype=object

在这里,我们让所有其他实体(狼,山羊和卷心菜)的位置不确定,而我们要求最初位于 east bank,让进入 west 银行,同时让动物无人看管是一个有效的移动。如果满足所有这些条件,那么我们将转移到所需的配置。

<强>解

请注意,我改进了行动的名称,以便他们提供更多信息。正在采取的实际行动。

<强>船形domain.pddl

  (:action move_empty_ew :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z e) (valid ?x ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z e)) (config ?x ?y ?z w))
  )

<强>船形prob.pddl

(define (domain boat)
  (:requirements :equality)

  (:predicates
    (config ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
    (valid ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
  )

  (:action move_empty_ew :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z e) (valid ?x ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z e)) (config ?x ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_empty_we :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z w) (valid ?x ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z w)) (config ?x ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_wolf_ew :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config e ?y ?z e) (valid w ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config e ?y ?z e)) (config w ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_wolf_we :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config w ?y ?z w) (valid e ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config w ?y ?z w)) (config e ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_goat_ew :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x e ?z e) (valid ?x w ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x e ?z e)) (config ?x w ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_goat_we :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x w ?z w) (valid ?x e ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x w ?z w)) (config ?x e ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_cabbage_ew :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y e e) (valid ?x ?y w w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y e e)) (config ?x ?y w w))
  )
  (:action move_cabbage_we :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y w w) (valid ?x ?y e e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y w w)) (config ?x ?y e e))
  )
)

我使用快速向下查找最小长度解决方案:

(define (problem boat)
  (:domain boat)
  (:objects w e)

  (:INIT (config w w w w)
    (valid w e w e) (valid e w e w)
    (valid w w w w) (valid w w e w)
    (valid w e w w) (valid e w w w)
    (valid e e e e) (valid e e w e)
    (valid e w e e) (valid w e e e)
  )

  (:goal (config e e e e))
)

实际上是:

~$ fast-downward.py --alias seq-opt-bjolp boat-domain.pddl boat-prob.pddl