我得到了这个奇怪的错误,我无法弄明白。我正在学习考试,所以我使用结构而不是课程,因为这是我们在课堂上所做的。这是我的代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct Course;
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Course c);
struct Course {
string name;
Course(string n) {
name = n;
}
Course(const Course &c) {
cout << "Copying course" << endl;
name = c.name;
}
Course &operator=(const Course &c) {
cout << "Assigning course" << endl;
name = c.name;
return *this;
}
};
struct Student {
int id;
Course *courses[5];
int size;
Student(int num) {
id = num;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
courses[i] = new Course("Course");
}
size = 0;
}
Student(const Student &s) {
cout << "Copying student" << endl;
id = s.id;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Course *temp = new Course(s.courses[i]->name);
courses[i] = temp;
}
}
Student &operator=(const Student &s) {
cout << "Assigning student" << endl;
id = s.id;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
courses[i] = s.courses[i];
}
return *this;
}
~Student() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
delete courses[i];
}
}
void print() {
cout << id << ": " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << courses[i]->name << endl;
}
}
void addCourse(Course *c) {
delete courses[size];
courses[size] = c;
size++;
}
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Course *c) {
return os << c->name << endl;
}
int main() {
Student one(2342134);
Course cs246("cs246");
Course cs245("cs245");
one.addCourse(&cs246);
one.addCourse(&cs245);
one.print();
Student two = one;
two.print();
}
这是错误
2342134:
cs246
cs245
Course
Course
Course
Copying student
2342134:
cs246
cs245
Course
Course
Course
*** glibc detected *** ./a.out: double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x0000000000cd8db0 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7db26)[0x7f359a7ddb26]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6(_ZNSsD1Ev+0x40)[0x7f359adf87c0]
./a.out[0x40111e]
./a.out[0x401152]
./a.out[0x400dc7]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xed)[0x7f359a78176d]
./a.out[0x400b89]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00402000 r-xp 00000000 00:34 45960378 /u3/z38ahmed/cs246/1161/exam/2.22_Object/2.22.5_Copy-Constructor-and-Assignment/a.out
00601000-00602000 r--p 00001000 00:34 45960378 /u3/z38ahmed/cs246/1161/exam/2.22_Object/2.22.5_Copy-Constructor-and-Assignment/a.out
00602000-00603000 rw-p 00002000 00:34 45960378 /u3/z38ahmed/cs246/1161/exam/2.22_Object/2.22.5_Copy-Constructor-and-Assignment/a.out
00cc7000-00cf9000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f359a460000-7f359a55b000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 915519 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f359a55b000-7f359a75a000 ---p 000fb000 fc:00 915519 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f359a75a000-7f359a75b000 r--p 000fa000 fc:00 915519 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f359a75b000-7f359a75c000 rw-p 000fb000 fc:00 915519 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.15.so
7f359a760000-7f359a914000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 915563 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f359a914000-7f359ab13000 ---p 001b4000 fc:00 915563 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f359ab13000-7f359ab17000 r--p 001b3000 fc:00 915563 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f359ab17000-7f359ab19000 rw-p 001b7000 fc:00 915563 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
7f359ab19000-7f359ab1e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f359ab20000-7f359ab36000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 914560 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f359ab36000-7f359ad35000 ---p 00016000 fc:00 914560 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f359ad35000-7f359ad36000 r--p 00015000 fc:00 914560 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f359ad36000-7f359ad37000 rw-p 00016000 fc:00 914560 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f359ad38000-7f359ae3a000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 396701 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f359ae3a000-7f359b039000 ---p 00102000 fc:00 396701 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f359b039000-7f359b041000 r--p 00101000 fc:00 396701 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f359b041000-7f359b043000 rw-p 00109000 fc:00 396701 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21
7f359b043000-7f359b046000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f359b048000-7f359b06a000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 915535 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7f359b268000-7f359b26a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f359b26a000-7f359b26b000 r--p 00022000 fc:00 915535 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7f359b26b000-7f359b26d000 rw-p 00023000 fc:00 915535 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so
7f359b26d000-7f359b274000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffdfdac4000-7ffdfdae5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7ffdfdb78000-7ffdfdb7a000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
Aborted
我不知道glibc意味着什么,但我不知道我在哪里双重释放。当我注释掉Student destructor时,代码工作正常。这是为什么?我已经为每个课程分配了内存,所以我在析构函数中释放了这个内存,所以我认为没有它就可以使用该程序,但确实如此。 编辑:还有一件事。当我评论出学生二=一时,它并没有什么不同; line,所以我猜测错误在addCourse()和/或析构函数中
很抱歉这是一个很长的问题 非常感谢SO
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您的分配操作员遇到问题:
Student &operator=(const Student &s) {
cout << "Assigning student" << endl;
id = s.id;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
courses[i] = s.courses[i];
}
return *this;
}
您复制原始指针而不是对象,然后2个单独的Student
个对象拥有相同的Course
个,因此第二次Student
相同Course
的析构函数被破坏。可能你想要:
*(courses[i]) = *(s.courses[i]);
代替。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您的赋值运算符不正确,正如其他答案所指出的那样。
但是要轻松解决您的问题,只需使用copy / swap
,因为您已为您的类编写了复制构造函数和析构函数:
#include <algorithm>
//...
Student &operator=(const Student &s)
{
cout << "Assigning student" << endl;
Student temp(s);
std::swap(temp.id, id);
std::swap(temp.courses, courses);
return *this;
}
我们刚刚从传入的Student
创建了一个临时的Student
副本,然后将当前学生的内部成员与临时成员交换出来。同样,这只适用于Student
(您已经提供)的工作副本构造函数和析构函数。
另一个问题是addCourse
功能。问题是你给它指向不动态分配的对象。当调用析构函数时,它假定所有指针都来自对new
的调用,而不是。
void addCourse(Course *c) {
delete courses[size];
courses[size] = c;
size++;
}
~Student() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
delete courses[i]; // <-- Assumes all courses were allocated dynamically
}
}
//...
Course cs246("cs246");
Course cs245("cs245");
one.addCourse(&cs246); // <-- Not allocated with new
one.addCourse(&cs245); // <-- Not allocated with new
这是您设计中的一个缺陷。要么通过main
请勿执行此操作,我只使用new
“分配的内容,并使用此代码:
Course* cs246 = new Course("cs246");
Course* cs245 = new Course("cs245");
one.addCourse(cs246);
one.addCourse(cs245);
或
参考课程并复制它们(类似于vector
的工作原理)并在课堂上自己管理记忆。
void addCourse(const Course& c)
{
delete courses[size];
Course* temp = new Course(c);
courses[size] = temp;
size++;
}
//...
Course cs246("cs246");
Course cs245("cs245");
one.addCourse(cs246);
one.addCourse(cs245);
答案 2 :(得分:0)
在Student &operator=(const Student &s)
中,您正在复制指向s
的课程的指针,因此您将获得双重删除。
我相信,为了你的作业,你可以像在复制构造函数中那样做 - 创建具有相同名称的新课程。