如何找到玩具哈希函数的碰撞?

时间:2016-04-12 11:00:03

标签: python hash cryptography hash-collision birthday-paradox

我想在下面找到一个简单哈希函数的碰撞(python):

def hash_function(s=''):   # 'Hello World!' -> 7b2ea1ba
    a, b, c, d = 0xa0, 0xb1, 0x11, 0x4d
    result_hash = ''

    for byte in bytes(s, 'ascii'):
        a ^= byte
        b = b ^ a ^ 0x55
        c = b ^ 0x94
        d = c ^ byte ^ 0x74

    for i in [d, c, a, b]:
        tmp = str(hex(i))[2:]
        result_hash += tmp if len(tmp) is 2 else '0' + tmp

    return result_hash

这里也是js实现in jsbin

我找到了this question on SO,但那里的答案对我来说不太清楚。

函数输出的长度始终等于8. abcd变量是转换为十六进制值的整数最终形成结果哈希,即123 -> 7b46 -> 2e13 -> 0d等等。

那么,你能帮我找到那个功能的碰撞吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

查找具有相同散列的字符串对的简单方法是生成随机字符串,散列它们并将结果存储在dict中,使用散列作为键,字符串作为值。如果您获得了dict中已有的哈希值,请将其打印出来。

我稍微优化了您的hash_function,并使代码Python 2/3兼容。

from __future__ import print_function
from random import choice, randrange, seed 

def hash_function(s=''):   # 'Hello World!' -> 7b2ea1ba
    a, b, c, d = 0xa0, 0xb1, 0x11, 0x4d

    for byte in bytearray(s):
        a ^= byte
        b = b ^ a ^ 0x55
        c = b ^ 0x94
        d = c ^ byte ^ 0x74

    return format(d<<24 | c<<16 | a<<8 | b, '08x') 

s = b'Hello World!'
print(s, hash_function(s))

#ASCII chars that print nicely
ascii = b''.join([chr(i) for i in range(33, 127)])

seed(37)

found = {}
for j in range(5000):
    #Build a random 4 byte random string
    s = b''.join([choice(ascii) for _ in range(4)])
    h = hash_function(s)
    if h in found:
        v = found[h]
        if v == s:
            #Same hash, but from the same source string
            continue
        print(h, found[h], s)
    found[h] = s

<强>输出

Hello World! 7b2ea1ba
0944dbd0 TXN9 YXC9
105a9dce wA5> rA0>
7a29e4bd %+m' -+e'
7776b2e2 u&4u n&/u
7c3ea3aa D-\6 z-b6
6d46d1d2 `<r_ "<0_
6a26e0b2 ;;x8 ";a8
1033eda7 ,AwW =AfW
627395e7 #3@e ;3Xe
7d6ee7fa D,Hg `,lg
3c2bb2bf NmRc Cm_c
1e31b9a5 nOc[ oOb[
1a49f7dd MKv' ]Kf'
161beb8f )G\y IG<y
0247bbd3 !SX1 VS/1