我刚刚创建了一个类型安全的Java n元组 我正在使用一些非传统的方法来实现类型安全（我只是为了好玩）。
有人可以就改进它或一些可能的缺陷提供一些意见。
public class Tuple {
private Object[] arr;
private int size;
private static boolean TypeLock = false;
private static Object[] lastTuple = {1,1,1}; //default tuple type
private Tuple(Object ... c) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
size=c.length;
arr=c;
if(TypeLock)
{
if(c.length == lastTuple.length)
for(int i = 0; i<c.length; i++)
{
if(c[i].getClass() == lastTuple[i].getClass())
continue;
else
throw new RuntimeException("Type Locked");
}
else
throw new RuntimeException("Type Locked");
}
lastTuple = this.arr;
}
public static void setTypeLock(boolean typeLock) {
TypeLock = typeLock;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (this == obj)
return true;
Tuple p = (Tuple)obj;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (p.arr[i].getClass() == this.arr[i].getClass())
{
if (!this.arr[i].equals(p.arr[i]))
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int res = 17;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
res = res*37+arr[i].hashCode();
return res;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return Arrays.toString(arr);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Tuple,String> birthDay = new HashMap<Tuple,String>();
Tuple p = new Tuple(1,2,1986);
Tuple.setTypeLock(true);
Tuple p2 = new Tuple(2,10,2009);
Tuple p3 = new Tuple(1,2,2010);
Tuple p4 = new Tuple(1,2,2010);
birthDay.put(p,"Kevin");
birthDay.put(p2,"Smith");
birthDay.put(p3,"Sam");
birthDay.put(p4, "Jack");
System.out.println(birthDay);
System.out.println(birthDay.get(new Tuple(1,2,1986)));
birthDay.put(new Tuple(1,2,""),"");
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：47)
赞扬在实践中学习。以下是改进的“机会”建议：
只能存在一种元组（一旦设置了Typelock）。这会损害想要使用多种类型元组的程序的可重用性和可伸缩性，除非你采用cut-n-paste重用（BirthdayTuple，DimensionsTuple，StreetAddressTuple，...）。考虑一个接受目标类型的TupleFactory类，并创建一个元组构建器对象来生成元组。
没有记录“null”作为元组中值的有效性。我认为在设置Typelock之前，允许null;但是在设置了Typelock之后，代码将生成NullPointerException - 这是不一致的。如果不允许它们，构造函数应该捕获它并禁止它（不管Typelock）。如果允许它们，那么整个代码（构造函数，等号，哈希码等）需要修改以允许它。
确定元组是否属于不可变值对象。基于缺乏制定方法，我猜是这样的。如果是这样，那么请小心“采用”传入的数组 - lastTuple=this.arr。即使它是一个var arg构造函数，也可以直接使用数组调用构造函数。该类采用数组（保持对它的引用），然后可以在类外部更改数组中的值。我会做一个数组的浅表副本，但也记录了具有非不可变值的元组的潜在问题（可以在元组之外进行更改）。
您的equals方法缺少空检查（if (obj == null) return false）和类检查（obj instanceof Tuple或this.getClass().equals(object.getClass())）。平等成语已有详细记载。
除了通过toString之外，无法查看元组的值。这保护了价值观和整体不变性，但我认为它限制了阶级的用处。
虽然我意识到它只是一个例子，但我不希望将这个类用于生日/日期之类的东西。在具有固定对象类型的解决方案域中，真正的类（如Date）要好得多。我认为这个类在元组是第一类对象的特定域中很有用。
修改的 一直想着这个。以下是我对某些代码的处理（github + tests）：
===
Tuple.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
/**
* Tuple are immutable objects. Tuples should contain only immutable objects or
* objects that won't be modified while part of a tuple.
*/
public interface Tuple {
public TupleType getType();
public int size();
public <T> T getNthValue(int i);
}
===
TupleType.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
/**
* Represents a type of tuple. Used to define a type of tuple and then
* create tuples of that type.
*/
public interface TupleType {
public int size();
public Class<?> getNthType(int i);
/**
* Tuple are immutable objects. Tuples should contain only immutable objects or
* objects that won't be modified while part of a tuple.
*
* @param values
* @return Tuple with the given values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the wrong # of arguments or incompatible tuple values are provided
*/
public Tuple createTuple(Object... values);
public class DefaultFactory {
public static TupleType create(final Class<?>... types) {
return new TupleTypeImpl(types);
}
}
}
===
TupleImpl.java (not visible outside package)
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
import java.util.Arrays;
class TupleImpl implements Tuple {
private final TupleType type;
private final Object[] values;
TupleImpl(TupleType type, Object[] values) {
this.type = type;
if (values == null || values.length == 0) {
this.values = new Object[0];
} else {
this.values = new Object[values.length];
System.arraycopy(values, 0, this.values, 0, values.length);
}
}
@Override
public TupleType getType() {
return type;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return values.length;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public <T> T getNthValue(int i) {
return (T) values[i];
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (object == null) return false;
if (this == object) return true;
if (! (object instanceof Tuple)) return false;
final Tuple other = (Tuple) object;
if (other.size() != size()) return false;
final int size = size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
final Object thisNthValue = getNthValue(i);
final Object otherNthValue = other.getNthValue(i);
if ((thisNthValue == null && otherNthValue != null) ||
(thisNthValue != null && ! thisNthValue.equals(otherNthValue))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 17;
for (Object value : values) {
if (value != null) {
hash = hash * 37 + value.hashCode();
}
}
return hash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Arrays.toString(values);
}
}
===
TupleTypeImpl.java (not visible outside package)
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
class TupleTypeImpl implements TupleType {
final Class<?>[] types;
TupleTypeImpl(Class<?>[] types) {
this.types = (types != null ? types : new Class<?>[0]);
}
public int size() {
return types.length;
}
//WRONG
//public <T> Class<T> getNthType(int i)
//RIGHT - thanks Emil
public Class<?> getNthType(int i) {
return types[i];
}
public Tuple createTuple(Object... values) {
if ((values == null && types.length == 0) ||
(values != null && values.length != types.length)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Expected "+types.length+" values, not "+
(values == null ? "(null)" : values.length) + " values");
}
if (values != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
final Class<?> nthType = types[i];
final Object nthValue = values[i];
if (nthValue != null && ! nthType.isAssignableFrom(nthValue.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Expected value #"+i+" ('"+
nthValue+"') of new Tuple to be "+
nthType+", not " +
(nthValue != null ? nthValue.getClass() : "(null type)"));
}
}
}
return new TupleImpl(this, values);
}
}
===
TupleExample.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tupleexample;
import com.stackoverflow.tuple.Tuple;
import com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleType;
public class TupleExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// This code probably should be part of a suite of unit tests
// instead of part of this a sample program
final TupleType tripletTupleType =
TupleType.DefaultFactory.create(
Number.class,
String.class,
Character.class);
final Tuple t1 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(1, "one", 'a');
final Tuple t2 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(2l, "two", 'b');
final Tuple t3 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(3f, "three", 'c');
final Tuple tnull = tripletTupleType.createTuple(null, "(null)", null);
System.out.println("t1 = " + t1);
System.out.println("t2 = " + t2);
System.out.println("t3 = " + t3);
System.out.println("tnull = " + tnull);
final TupleType emptyTupleType =
TupleType.DefaultFactory.create();
final Tuple tempty = emptyTupleType.createTuple();
System.out.println("\ntempty = " + tempty);
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nCreating tuple with wrong types: ");
try {
final Tuple terror = tripletTupleType.createTuple(1, 2, 3);
System.out.println("Creating this tuple should have failed: "+terror);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nCreating tuple with wrong # of arguments: ");
try {
final Tuple terror = emptyTupleType.createTuple(1);
System.out.println("Creating this tuple should have failed: "+terror);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nGetting value as wrong type: ");
try {
final Tuple t9 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(9, "nine", 'i');
final String verror = t9.getNthValue(0);
System.out.println("Getting this value should have failed: "+verror);
} catch (ClassCastException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
}
===
Sample Run
===
t1 = [1, one, a]
t2 = [2, two, b]
t3 = [3.0, three, c]
tnull = [null, (null), null]
tempty = []
Creating tuple with wrong types:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected value #1 ('2') of new Tuple to be class java.lang.String, not class java.lang.Integer
at com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleTypeImpl.createTuple(TupleTypeImpl.java:32)
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:37)
Creating tuple with wrong # of arguments:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected 0 values, not 1 values
at com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleTypeImpl.createTuple(TupleTypeImpl.java:22)
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:46)
Getting value as wrong type:
java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to java.lang.String
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:58)
答案 1 :(得分：10)
这种类型如何安全？您正在抛出运行时异常，而不是在编译时报告类型错误。
你正试图在静态抽象的情况下抽象，这在静态类型的语言中是不可能的，而不会丢失类型安全。
<强>附录：
元组可以由异构元素（即具有不同类型的元素）组成。因此，对于这个Tuple课程来说，提供甚至“rutime typesafety”是不可能的。该课程的客户负责制作适当的演员表。
这是您在Java中可以做的最好的事情：（编辑：有关Tuple的更好实施，请参阅Brent's post。（它没有在客户端需要进行类型转换。））
final class Tuple {
private final List<Object> elements;
public Tuple(final Object ... elements) {
this.elements = Arrays.asList(elements);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return elements.toString();
}
//
// Override 'equals' and 'hashcode' here
//
public Object at(final int index) {
return elements.get(index);
}
}
答案 2 :(得分：4)
这是最简单的解决方案，也是最好的解决方案。它类似于在.NET中表示元组的方式。它仔细回避了java擦除。它是强类型的。它不会抛出异常。它非常易于使用。
public interface Tuple
{
int size();
}
public class Tuple2<T1,T2> implements Tuple
{
public final T1 item1;
public final T2 item2;
public Tuple2(
final T1 item_1,
final T2 item_2)
{
item1 = item_1;
item2 = item_2;
}
@Override
public int size()
{
return 2;
}
}
public class Tuple3<T1,T2,T3> implements Tuple
{
public final T1 item1;
public final T2 item2;
public final T3 item3;
public Tuple3(
final T1 item_1,
final T2 item_2,
final T3 item_3)
{
item1 = item_1;
item2 = item_2;
item3 = item_3;
}
@Override
public int size()
{
return 3;
}
}
答案 3 :(得分：3)
你应该看看.NET's Tuple's implementation。它们是编译时类型安全的。
答案 4 :(得分：1)
typeLock的目的是什么？允许某人阻止构建更多这些对象？这部分没有多大意义。
为什么你想让别人阻止你的对象进一步实例化？如果出于某种原因，这是你需要的东西，而不是“锁定”一个类并抛出异常，只需确保代码路径......不会创建更多类型的对象。
设置为最后一个实例化lastTuple的引用的静态Tuple的目的是什么？混合这样的静态引用是一种不好的做法。
坦率地说，代码很混乱，尽管这个类的需求令人困惑。如果这是我在工作环境中审查的代码，我不会允许它。
答案 5 :(得分：1)
在wave项目中看到了这段代码
public class Tuple<A> {
private final A[] elements;
public static <A> Tuple<A> of(A ... elements) {
return new Tuple<A>(elements);
}
public Tuple(A ... elements) {
this.elements = elements;
}
public A get(int index) {
return elements[index];
}
public int size() {
return elements.length;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || o.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Tuple<A> o2 = (Tuple<A>) o;
return Arrays.equals(elements, o2.elements);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Arrays.hashCode(elements);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Arrays.toString(elements);
}
}
答案 6 :(得分：1)
这是一个非常糟糕的n-tuple实现，它使用泛型来提供编译时类型检查。主要方法（为演示目的而提供）显示了使用它的可怕程度：
interface ITuple { }
/**
* Typed immutable arbitrary-length tuples implemented as a linked list.
*
* @param <A> Type of the first element of the tuple
* @param <D> Type of the rest of the tuple
*/
public class Tuple<A, D extends ITuple> implements ITuple {
/** Final element of a tuple, or the single no-element tuple. */
public static final TupleVoid END = new TupleVoid();
/** First element of tuple. */
public final A car;
/** Remainder of tuple. */
public final D cdr;
public Tuple(A car, D cdr) {
this.car = car;
this.cdr = cdr;
}
private static class TupleVoid implements ITuple { private TupleVoid() {} }
// Demo time!
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tuple<String, Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>> triple =
new Tuple<String, Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>>("one",
new Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>(2,
new Tuple<String, TupleVoid>("three",
END)));
System.out.println(triple.car + "/" + triple.cdr.car + "/" + triple.cdr.cdr.car);
//: one/2/three
}
}
答案 7 :(得分：0)
如果您真的对编写类型安全容器感兴趣，请查看泛型：
public class Tuple<T> {
private final T[] arr;
public Tuple (T... contents) {
arr = contents; //not sure if this compiles??
}
// etc
public static final void main(String[] args) {
Tuple<String> stringTuple = new Tuple<String>("Hello", "World!");
Tuple<Integer> intTuple = new Tuple<Integer>(2010,9,4);
}
}
答案 8 :(得分：0)
将泛型用于编译时类型安全性会更好。您可以为每个arity定义一个接口。然后，您可以定义单独的Callable接口以访问元组的值。
interface Tuple1 <T0> { <R> R accept ( Callable1<R,T0> callable ) ; }
interface Tuple2 <T0,T1> { <R> R accept ( Callable2<R,T0,T1> callable ) ; }
...
interface Tuplek <T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> { <R> R accept ( Callablek<R,T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> callable ) ; }
interface Callable1<R,T0> { R call ( T0 t0 ) ; }
interface Callable2<R,T0> { R call ( T0 t0 , T1 t1 ) ; }
....
interface Callablek<R,T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> { R call ( T0 t0 , T1 t1 , T2 t2 , ... , Tk tk ) ; }