Python:如何将补丁类方法转换为其他类方法

时间:2016-04-04 13:51:28

标签: python monkeypatching

我有以下代码:

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = "This is mine, "

    def testfunc(self, arg1):
        print self.a + arg1

class B:
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = "I didn't think so"
        self.oldtestfunc = A.testfunc
        A.testfunc = self.testfuncPatch

    def testfuncPatch(self, arg):
        newarg = arg + self.b # B instance 'self'
        self.oldtestfunc(self, newarg) # A instance 'self'

instA = A()
instB = B()
instA.testfunc("keep away! ")

我想做以下事情:

某些类A由带参数的函数组成。 我想把这个函数修补到B类中的一个函数做一些操作参数和访问B类变量,我的问题是修补函数实际上需要两个不同的自我'对象,即类A的实例以及类B的实例。

这可能吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

问题是,当您使用已绑定的方法覆盖类函数时,尝试绑定到其他实例只是忽略第二个实例:

print(instA.testfunc)
#<bound method B.testfuncPatch of <__main__.B object at 0x1056ab6d8>>

因此该方法基本上被视为staticmethod,这意味着您必须将该实例作为第一个参数调用它:

instA.testfunc(instA,"keep away! ")

我尝试将random.shuffle直接导入到类中以使其成为方法时首次遇到此问题:

class List(list):
    from random import shuffle #I was quite surprised when this didn't work at all

a = List([1,2,3])
print(a.shuffle)
#<bound method Random.shuffle of <random.Random object at 0x1020c8c18>>
a.shuffle()

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Tadhg/Documents/codes/test.py", line 5, in <module>
    a.shuffle()
TypeError: shuffle() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'

为了解决这个问题,我创建了一个可以在第一个实例上反弹到第二个实例的函数:

from types import MethodType

def rebinder(f):
    if not isinstance(f,MethodType):
        raise TypeError("rebinder was intended for rebinding methods")
    def wrapper(*args,**kw):
        return f(*args,**kw)
    return wrapper

class List(list):
    from random import shuffle
    shuffle = rebinder(shuffle) #now it does work :D

a = List(range(10))
print(a.shuffle)
a.shuffle()
print(a)

#output:
<bound method rebinder.<locals>.wrapper of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]>
[5, 6, 8, 2, 4, 1, 9, 3, 7, 0]

因此,您可以轻松地将此应用于您的情况:

from types import MethodType

def rebinder(f):
    if not isinstance(f,MethodType):
        raise TypeError("rebinder was intended for rebinding methods")
    def wrapper(*args,**kw):
        return f(*args,**kw)
    return wrapper
...

class B:
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = "I didn't think so"
        self.oldtestfunc = A.testfunc
        A.testfunc = rebinder(self.testfuncPatch) #!! Edit here

    def testfuncPatch(selfB, selfA, arg): #take the instance of B first then the instance of A
        newarg = arg + selfB.b
        self.oldtestfunc(selfA, newarg)

答案 1 :(得分:0)

如果B可能是A的子类,问题就会解决。

class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        A.__init__(self)
        # Otherwise the same