我似乎无法修补类实例的class A(object):
def test(self):
return "TEST"
def __call__(self):
return "EXAMPLE"
a = A()
print("call method: {0}".format(a.__call__))
print("test method: {0}".format(a.test))
a.__call__ = lambda : "example"
a.test = lambda : "test"
print("call method: {0}".format(a.__call__))
print("test method: {0}".format(a.test))
print(a())
print("Explicit call: {0}".format(a.__call__()))
print(a.test())
方法(是的,我想修补单个实例,而不是所有实例)。
以下代码:
call method: <bound method A.__call__ of <__main__.A object at 0x7f3f2d60b6a0>>
test method: <bound method A.test of <__main__.A object at 0x7f3f2d60b6a0>>
call method: <function <lambda> at 0x7f3f2ef4ef28>
test method: <function <lambda> at 0x7f3f2d5f8f28>
EXAMPLE
Explicit call: example
test
输出:
...
example
Explicit call: example
test
虽然我希望输出:
__call__()
我如何monkeypatch # templatetags/my_filters.py
from django import template
register = template.Library()
@register.filter()
def to_int(value):
return int(value)
?为什么我不能像修补其他方法那样修补它?
虽然this answer告诉我们该怎么做(据说,我还没有测试过),但它并没有解释为什么部分问题。< / p>
答案 0 :(得分:7)
所以,正如J.J. Hakala评论的那样,Python真正做的是调用:
type(a).__call__(a)
因此,如果我想覆盖__call__
方法,我必须覆盖类的__call__
,但如果我不想影响在同一个类的其他实例中,我需要使用覆盖__call__
方法创建一个新类。
所以如何覆盖__call__
的示例如下所示:
class A(object):
def test(self):
return "TEST"
def __call__(self):
return "EXAMPLE"
def patch_call(instance, func):
class _(type(instance)):
def __call__(self, *arg, **kwarg):
return func(*arg, **kwarg)
instance.__class__ = _
a = A()
print("call method: {0}".format(a.__call__))
print("test method: {0}".format(a.test))
patch_call(a, lambda : "example")
a.test = lambda : "test"
print("call method: {0}".format(a.__call__))
print("test method: {0}".format(a.test))
print("{0}".format(a()))
print("Explicit a.__call__: {0}".format(a.__call__()))
print("{0}".format(a.test()))
print("Check instance of a: {0}".format(isinstance(a, A)))
运行它会产生以下输出:
call method: <bound method A.__call__ of <__main__.A object at 0x7f404217a5f8>>
test method: <bound method A.test of <__main__.A object at 0x7f404217a5f8>>
call method: <bound method patch_call.<locals>._.__call__ of <__main__.patch_call.<locals>._ object at 0x7f404217a5f8>>
test method: <function <lambda> at 0x7f404216d048>
example
Explicit a.__call__: example
test
Check instance of a: True
答案 1 :(得分:4)
对于自定义类,只有在对象的类型上定义,而不是在对象的实例字典中,才能保证特殊方法的隐式调用正常工作。这种行为是以下代码引发异常的原因:
>>> class C: ... pass ... >>> c = C() >>> c.__len__ = lambda: 5 >>> len(c) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: object of type 'C' has no len()
来源:https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#special-lookup