我有一个参数化类型,我想将其约束为数字类型,更具体地说是Fractional
,例如:
data Rating a = (Fractional a) => Score a | Unscored deriving (Show, Eq)
以便API的用户可以定义他们可能使用哪种非整数类型(Float
或Double
?),但我写的内部API代码仍然可以对数字执行算术运算类型。我不希望它是一个整数,因为我的“内部操作”的结果可能不是整数,我的理解是使用Fractional
会导致更准确的结果。
编译上面(至少在GHCI中)给出了以下错误:
Data constructor `Score' has existential type variables, a context, or a specialised result type
Score :: forall a. Fractional a => a -> Rating a
(Use ExistentialQuantification or GADTs to allow this)
In the definition of data constructor `Score'
In the data declaration for `Rating'
这告诉我,我正在做一些我可能不想继续尝试的事情;即我的设计是垃圾。
我想我试图在这个API中说出以下内容:“当你使用Rating类型时,它的参数必须是Fractional
的子类,所以我可以对它执行准确的算术”。我怎么能实现这个目标?还是我离开了标记和/或过度工程?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
您不应将Fractional
约束放在数据类型上,而应放在使用它的函数上。所以
data Rating a = Score a | Unscored deriving (Show, Eq)
makeSomeRating :: Fractional a => a -> Rating a
makeSomeRating x = Score (x / 2) -- can use Fractional functions here
doSomethingElseWithRating :: Fractional a => Rating a -> Something
答案 1 :(得分:2)
如错误所示,您可以使用GADTs
:
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs, StandaloneDeriving #-}
data Rating a where
Score :: (Fractional a) => a -> Rating a
Unscored :: Rating a
deriving instance (Show a) => Show (Rating a)
deriving instance (Eq a) => Eq (Rating a)
-- No need for a context here!
halfScore :: Rating a -> Rating a
halfScore (Score a) = Score (a / 2)
halfScore Unscored = Unscored
StandaloneDeriving
是必要的,因为GHC无法为GADT导出Show
和Eq
。