Question

我的操作系统：Mac OS X El Capitan

当我安装这样的加密：

pip install cryptography==0.2.1

错误是：

Collecting cryptography==0.2.1
  Using cached cryptography-0.2.1.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    no previously-included directories found matching 'documentation/_build'
    zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
    six: module references __path__

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg
    Searching for cffi>=0.8
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/cffi/
    Best match: cffi 1.5.0
    Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/c/cffi/cffi-1.5.0.tar.gz#md5=dec8441e67880494ee881305059af656
    Processing cffi-1.5.0.tar.gz
    Writing /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-ZAtQYR/cffi-1.5.0/setup.cfg
    Running cffi-1.5.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-ZAtQYR/cffi-1.5.0/egg-dist-tmp-Dl08xt
    creating /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg
    Extracting cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg to /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg
    Searching for pycparser
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pycparser/
    Best match: pycparser 2.14
    Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycparser/pycparser-2.14.tar.gz#md5=a2bc8d28c923b4fe2b2c3b4b51a4f935
    Processing pycparser-2.14.tar.gz
    Writing /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-80l9Lo/pycparser-2.14/setup.cfg
    Running pycparser-2.14/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-80l9Lo/pycparser-2.14/egg-dist-tmp-5dC3Ib
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'yacctab.*' found under directory 'tests'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'lextab.*' found under directory 'tests'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'yacctab.*' found under directory 'examples'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'lextab.*' found under directory 'examples'
    zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
    Copying pycparser-2.14-py2.7.egg to /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/pycparser-2.14-py2.7.egg
    running egg_info
    creating pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info
    writing requirements to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

    cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_cffi__xfdb41ad9xb4fc9075.c:369:5: error: conflicting types for 'ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check'
    int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *);
        ^
    /usr/local/include/openssl/asn1.h:856:5: note: previous declaration is here
    int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);
        ^
    1 error generated.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/setup.py", line 113, in <module>
        "build": cffi_build,
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 180, in run
        self.find_sources()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 207, in find_sources
        mm.run()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 291, in run
        self.add_defaults()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 320, in add_defaults
        sdist.add_defaults(self)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 118, in add_defaults
        build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 312, in get_finalized_command
        cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
        self.finalize_options()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 28, in finalize_options
        orig.build_py.finalize_options(self)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 46, in finalize_options
        ('force', 'force'))
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 298, in set_undefined_options
        src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
        self.finalize_options()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/setup.py", line 55, in finalize_options
        OpenSSLBinding().ffi.verifier.get_extension(),
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py", line 83, in __init__
        self._ensure_ffi_initialized()
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py", line 99, in _ensure_ffi_initialized
        libraries)
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py", line 72, in build_ffi
        ext_package="cryptography",
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 433, in verify
        lib = self.verifier.load_library()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/verifier.py", line 110, in load_library
        self._compile_module()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/verifier.py", line 207, in _compile_module
        outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile(tmpdir, self.get_extension())
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 29, in compile
        outputfilename = _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose)
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 62, in _build
        raise VerificationError('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
    cffi.ffiplatform.VerificationError: CompileError: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography

我确信我已将openssl升级到最新版本：

$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2f  28 Jan 2016

但我不知道如何解决它。甚至我检查了官方文档：

https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/#building-cryptography-on-os-x

按照这样做，结果是一样的。

Answer 1

brew救援：

brew install openssl

然后brew给出提示：

Apple已弃用OpenSSL，转而使用自己的TLS和加密库

一般来说，这对您没有任何影响。如果你建立你的自己的软件，它需要这个公式，你需要添加到你的构建变量：

LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

所以只需导出这些env vars并重新运行您最喜欢的pip安装（或者更好以避免在将来添加以下~/.bash_profile后的混乱：

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"

这对我来说就像一个魅力！

Answer 2

尝试安装scrapy我需要在Mac OS El Capitan上安装加密包。正如Cryptography installation doc

中所述

env LDFLAGS =＆＃34; -L $（brew --prefix openssl）/ lib＆＃34; CFLAGS =＆＃34; -I $（brew --prefix openssl）/ include＆＃34; pip安装加密

Answer 3

我曾尝试过关于此的所有内容但仍然遇到以下错误： ... SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：5258：12：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] 返回BIO_do_handshake（bio）; ~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/local/opt/openssl/include/openssl/bio.h:502:34：注意：从宏扩展＆＃39; BIO_do_handshake＆＃39; #define BIO_do_handshake（b）BIO_ctrl（b，BIO_C_DO_STATE_MACHINE，0，NULL） ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：7640：12：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] 返回BIO_ctrl（bio，BIO_C_SET_SSL，flag，（char *）ssl）; ~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：7699：19：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; unsigned long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] err = ERR_get_error（）; 〜^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：7751：59：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] ms =（（start-＆gt; tv_sec +（int）timeout） - tv.tv_sec）* 1000; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：7996：19：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; unsigned long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] err = ERR_get_error（）; 〜^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8026：37：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; Py_ssize_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; long＆＃39;）到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] r = SSL_write（ssl，buf.buf，buf.len）; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8069：37：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; Py_ssize_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; long＆＃39;）到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] r = SSL_write（ssl，buf.buf，buf.len）; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8087：19：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; unsigned long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] err = ERR_get_error（）; 〜^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8143：12：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] 返回SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode（ctx，mode）; ~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/local/opt/openssl/include/openssl/ssl.h:2484:9：注意：从宏扩展＆＃39; SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode＆＃39; SSL_CTX_ctrl（CTX，SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE，米，NULL） ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8148：12：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; long＆＃39;到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] return SSL_CTX_get_session_cache_mode（ctx）; ~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/local/opt/openssl/include/openssl/ssl.h:2486:9：注意：从宏扩展＆＃39; SSL_CTX_get_session_cache_mode＆＃39; SSL_CTX_ctrl（CTX，SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_MODE，0，NULL） ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8680：14：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; size_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; unsigned long＆＃39;）to＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] outlen = BIO_ctrl_pending（bio）; 〜^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：8742：14：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; size_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; unsigned long＆＃39;）to＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] outlen = BIO_ctrl_pending（bio）; 〜^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：22694：14：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; Py_ssize_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; long＆＃39;）到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] arg4 = len; 〜^ ~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：25282：14：警告：隐式转换失去整数精度：＆＃39; Py_ssize_t＆＃39; （又名＆＃39; long＆＃39;）到＆＃39; int＆＃39; [-Wshorten-64至32] arg3 = len; 〜^ ~~ 产生了21个警告。 SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：2894：9：警告：变量＆＃39; res＆＃39;无论何时使用都未初始化，如果＆＃39;条件是真的[-Wsometimes-uninitialized] if（PyType_Ready（tp）＆lt; 0） ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：2918：10：注意：此处发生未初始化的使用返回资源; ^ ~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：2894：5：注意：删除＆＃39; if＆＃39;如果它的条件总是假的 if（PyType_Ready（tp）＆lt; 0） ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.c：2875：10：注意：初始化变量＆＃39; res＆＃39;沉默这个警告 int res; ^ = 0 产生1个警告。 cc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -Wl，-F。 -L / usr / local / opt / openssl / lib -I / usr / local / opt / openssl / include build / temp.macosx-10.13-intel-2.7 / SWIG / _m2crypto_wrap.o -L / usr / lib -lssl - lcrypto -o build / lib.macosx-10.13-intel-2.7 / M2Crypto / _m2crypto.so ld：警告：忽略文件/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libssl.dylib，文件是为x86_64构建的，它不是被链接的体系结构（i386）：/ usr / local / opt / openssl / lib / libssl。 dylib ld：警告：忽略文件/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.dylib，文件是为x86_64构建的，它不是被链接的体系结构（i386）：/ usr / local / opt / openssl / lib / libcrypto。 dylib 运行install_lib 创建/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/M2Crypto 错误：无法创建＆＃39; /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/M2Crypto'：权限被拒绝

----------------------------------------

命令＆＃34; / usr / bin / python -u -c＆＃34;导入setuptools，tokenize; 文件 =＆＃39; / private / var / folders / q5 / qk1gf6z15kschmf5dwb3mqvh0000gn /T/pip-build-WeyOs_y/M2crypto/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize,' open＆＃39;，open）（ file ）; code = f。 read（）。replace（＆＃39; \ r \ n＆＃39;，＆＃39; \ n＆＃39;）; f.close（）; exec（编译（代码，文件，＆＃39; EXEC＆＃39;））＆＃34; install --record /var/folders/q5/qk1gf6z15kschmf5dwb3mqvh0000gn/T/pip-tp6pQY-record/install-record.txt --single-version-external-managed --compile＆＃34;在/ private / var / folders / q5 / qk1gf6z15kschmf5dwb3mqvh0000gn / T / pip-build-WyOs_y / M2crypto /

中出现错误代码1失败

我最努力的工作。修复最终成为一个简单的chmod sudo： sudo chmod 777 /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages /

如何在Mac OS X上安装加密？

3 个答案: