我正在使用python，空闲版本3.4.2 打印时我的代码，每个名称打印3个分数，但它们打印如下：
Maya: 3
Maya:2
Maya: 4
我想知道是否有任何方法可以让它在列表/字典中打印出来，这样我可以稍后调用分数进行排序
Maya = [3,2,4]
这是我的代码。
students_names = []
import random #import module
print("What is your name?") #prints writing in brackets
name = input().title() #Capitalizes the first letter of the word inputted
students_names.append(name)
print("What class are you in? (Enter 1, 2 or 3)") #asks the user to input a number
while True:
try:
class_number = int(input()) #asks for an integer input from user
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I didn't understand that, please try again") #print statement
continue
if class_number > 3: #if input is more than 3
print("SORRY but that class isn't recognised, try again") #print statement
continue
else:
print ("Hello,", name, "from class", class_number, "welcome to my quiz") #prints writing in brackets and anything saved in the variable "name" and "class_number"
break #break out of loop
score = 0 #sets the variable "score" to zero
question = 0 # sets the variable "question" to zero
print(class_number)
while question < 3:#If questions (intitally set to 0) is smaller than 10, carry out this function
question +=1 # add one to the value of "question"
maths = random.randint(1,3) #randomly generate a number from 1-3 and store as "maths"
num1 = random.randint(1,10)#randomly generate an integer from 1-10 and store as "num1"
num2 = random.randint(1,10)#randomly generate a second integer from 1-10 and store as "num2"
if maths == 1: #if the number generated is 1
print(num1, "+", num2) #prints num1 + num2
ans = num1 + num2 #sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 added to num2
elif maths == 2: #if the number generated is 1
print(num1, "*", num2) #print num1 multiplied by num2
ans = num1 * num2 #sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 multiplied by num2
else: #else run this part of code
print(num1, "-", num2) #print num1 subtracted by num2
ans = num1 - num2 #sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 subtracted by num2
while True:
try:
user_ans = int(input()) #user inputs answer to question
except ValueError: #runs when the user input is no an integer
print ("SORRY but that answer isn't recognised, try again")
else:
break
if user_ans == ans:
score+=1
print("Well done, you are CORRECT")
else:
print("SORRY, you are INCORRECT") #print writing in brackets
print("The correct answer was", ans)
if score == 10: #run this part of code if "score" equals 10
print("fantastic", name, "you got full marks!")#print statement and name
elif score >= 6: #run this part of code if "score" is larger than or equal to 6
print("well done, there's some improvement to be done here though", name, "you got", score, "/10")# then print statement and score
elif score <=5: #run this part of code if "score" is smaller than or equal to 5
print("hmm, maybe some more practise would be beneficial", name, "you got", score, "/10") #then print statement and score
class_number = str(class_number) + ".txt" #this adds '.txt' to the end of the file (therefore creating a text file) so it can be used to create a file under the name of the class
file = open(class_number, 'a') #opens the file in 'append' mode so you don't delete all the information
file.write(str(students_names))
file.write(str(name + " : ")) #writes the name and ":" to file
file.write(str(score)) #writes the score to file
file.write('\n')#writes the score to the file
file.close()#safely closes the file to save the information
答案 0 :(得分：0)
当然，只需将人物的得分值添加到新词典中即可。
name_dict = {}
if name in name_dict:
name_dict[name].append(new_score)
else:
name_dict[name] = [new_score]
跟进代码有点困难。因此，我无法完全整合它。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
好的，我想我得到了你正在寻找的东西。但为了简化我对此的回答，我们首先需要简化您的示例。一个好方法是将代码切换成函数：
首先，我们会查看您需要帮助的位置，这是您的代码的最后一位，它适合我们称之为store_results()的函数：
def store_results(...):
class_number = str(class_number) + ".txt" # this adds '.txt' to the end of the file (therefore creating a text file) so it can be used to create a file under the name of the class
file = open(class_number, 'a') # opens the file in 'append' mode so you don't delete all the information
file.write(str(students_names))
file.write(str(name + " : ")) # writes the name and ":" to file
file.write(str(score)) # writes the score to file
file.write('\n') # writes the score to the file
file.close() # safely closes the file to save the information
我在这里使用...作为函数的参数，这不是python，可以考虑它。该函数需要什么参数才能正常工作？
class_number：学生回答质量保证的班级在name：学生在质量保证中的得分student_names 您在此处所做的是，当您运行该代码时，您将附加name
进入student_names，它将始终包含一个，只有一个名称。所以当
你为file.write(str(students_names))的用户写John，你就是＆＃l; ll
最后写作：
...
['John']
John : 5
...
这不是我相信你期待的东西。实际上你根本不需要那个列表。
所以作为第一次更新，你应该这样做：
def store_results(class_number, name, score):
class_file = "{}.txt".format(class_number) # this adds '.txt' to the end of the file (therefore creating a text file) so it can be used to create a file under the name of the class
with open(class_file, 'a') as f: # opens the file in 'append' mode so you don't delete all the information
f.write("{}: {}\n".format(name, score) # outputs the user's score to the file
该代码段中的其他更改包括：
- 您不应将file用作变量，因为它已作为全局类型存在，并在其中使用
你的代码被认为是不好的做法叫做＆＃34;影子＆＃34;这可能导致很难找到错误
（不是在这种情况下，但是如果你现在不养成良好的习惯，它会在未来的代码中咬你）。
- 您应使用with open() as f:构造而不是手动打开和关闭文件，
因为在您现有的代码中，如果在open和close之间引发了异常
文件未被正确关闭，最终可能会丢失写入。
- 你应该使用格式字符串而不是直接字符串连接，这就是代码
更容易阅读和修改。
现在，正如所说的那样，您仍然会遇到每个测试结果的问题 由用户显示为：
John: 2
John: 4
John: 5
解决这个问题的正确方法是不要使用＆＃34; blinded＆＃34;附加到文件，而是 使用该文件作为某种非常基本的数据库。最简单的选择是 在JSON文件中编写您的分数，该文件在语法上与python兼容 （对手动测试非常有用）：
import os
import json
def store_results(class_number, name, score):
# this adds '.json' to the end of the file (therefore creating a json file)
class_file = "{}.json".format(class_number)
# first step: load the existing data
# first test if the file exists, and if not, use an empty score dictionary
if not os.path.exists(class_file):
scores = {}
# otherwise populate the dictionary
else:
# open as read only, because we just want the data out of it
with open(class_file, 'r') as f:
# load contents of the json file "f" as object "scores"
scores = json.load(f)
# second step: update the data
scores.setdefault(name, []).append(score)
# third step: update the file
# use 'w' when opening the file to overwrite all data within it
with open(class_file, 'w') as f:
# dump object "scores" within file "f"
json.dump(scores, f)
在这段代码中，我使用了一个技巧来将分数插入一行：
scores.setdefault(name, []).append(score)
相当于：
# if the user's "name" is not already in the dictionary
if name not in scores.keys():
# add it as a new key containing an empty list
scores[name] = []
# append the "score" to the list indexed by the user's "name"
scores[name].append(score)
然后文件中的结果如下：
{"John":[3,5,10],"Jane":[2],"Bob":[1,0,2]}
要使输出文件更具可读性，您可以将json.dump行更改为：
json.dump(scores, f, sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
将输出：
{
"Bob": [
1,
0,
2
],
"Jane": [
2
],
"John": [
3,
5,
10
]
}
最后，您要创建另一个处理QA过程的函数 你调用我们刚刚定义的函数
# add the following import at the start of your script if you're running python2 and not python3
from __future__ import print_function
def run_qa():
print("What is your name?") # prints writing in brackets
name = input().title() # Capitalizes the first letter of the word inputted
print("What class are you in? (Enter 1, 2 or 3)") # asks the user to input a number
while True:
try:
class_number = int(input()) # asks for an integer input from user
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I didn't understand that, please try again") # print statement
continue
if class_number > 3: # if input is more than 3
print("SORRY but that class isn't recognised, try again") # print statement
continue
else:
break # break out of loop
# prints writing in brackets and anything saved in the variables "name" and "class_number"
print ("Hello, {} from class {} welcome to my quiz".format(name, class_number))
score = 0 # sets the variable "score" to zero
question = 0 # sets the variable "question" to zero
while question < 3: # If questions (initially set to 0) is smaller than 10, carry out this function
question += 1 # add one to the value of "question"
maths = random.randint(1,3) # randomly generate a number from 1-3 and store as "maths"
num1 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate an integer from 1-10 and store as "num1"
num2 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate a second integer from 1-10 and store as "num2"
if maths == 1: # if the number generated is 1
print("{} + {} = ?".format(num1, num2)) # prints num1 + num2
ans = num1 + num2 # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 added to num2
elif maths == 2: # if the number generated is 1
print("{} * {} = ?".format(num1, num2)) # print num1 multiplied by num2
ans = num1 * num2 # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 multiplied by num2
else: # else run this part of code
print("{} - {} = ?".format(num1, num2)) # print num1 subtracted by num2
ans = num1 - num2 # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 subtracted by num2
while True:
try:
# print a nice little prompt for the user to enter his answer
print("> ", end="")
user_ans = int(input()) # user inputs answer to question
# if an exception is raised by "int()" the break is not being called
# here you achieve the same as a single line, as you're doing in two
# lines with your try/except/else clause, making your code more readable.
break
except ValueError: # runs when the user input is no an integer
print ("SORRY but that answer isn't recognised, try again")
if user_ans == ans:
score += 1
print("Well done, you are CORRECT")
else:
print("SORRY, you are INCORRECT") # print writing in brackets
print("The correct answer was {}".format(ans))
if score == 10: # run this part of code if "score" equals 10
print("Fantastic {}, you got full marks!".format(name))# print statement and name
elif score >= 6: # run this part of code if "score" is larger than or equal to 6
print("Well done, there's some improvement to be done here, though {} you got {}/10".format(name, score))# then print statement and score
elif score <=5: # run this part of code if "score" is smaller than or equal to 5
print("hmm, maybe some more practice would be beneficial, {}, you got {}/10".format(name, score)) # then print statement and score
# return the results
return class_number, name, score
最后，要调用代码，只需在脚本末尾添加以下内容：
if __name__ == "__main__":
class_number, name, score = run_qa()
store_results(class_number, name, score):
if语句的原因是为了以后可以包含你的代码 另一个模块中的模块没有运行它，这被认为是一种很好的做法！
作为另一项改进，我避免多次重复相同的代码来检查输入 来自用户，但改为使用函数：
def get_integer_input(maxval=None):
while True:
try:
# print a nice prompt
print("> ", eol="")
i = int(input()) # asks for an integer input from user
if maxval:
if i >= maxval:
continue
print("Sorry, input shall be inferior than {}, try again".format(maxval))
break
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I didn't understand that, please try again") # print statement
return i
然后在你的代码中使用它：
...
class_number = get_integer_input(maxval=3)
...
BTW，作为一项改进，我实际上将run_qa拆分为两个函数：一个
生成问题，另一个生成交互过程。
这样你就可以：
if __name__ == "__main__":
questions = generate_qa()
class_number, name, score = run_qa(questions)
store_results(class_number, name, score)
与generate_qa()类似：
def generate_qa():
questions = []
while len(questions) < 3: # add a question until we have three generated
op = random.randint(0,2) # randomly generate a number from 1-3 and store as "maths"
num1 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate an integer from 1-10 and store as "num1"
num2 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate a second integer from 1-10 and store as "num2"
questions.append( (op, num1, num2) )
return questions
然后：
def run_qa(questions):
print("What is your name?") # prints writing in brackets
name = input().title() # Capitalizes the first letter of the word inputted
print("What class are you in? (Enter 1, 2 or 3)") # asks the user to input a number
class_number = get_integer_input(maxval=3)
# prints writing in brackets and anything saved in the variables "name" and "class_number"
print ("Hello, {} from class {} welcome to my quiz".format(name, class_number))
score = 0 # sets the variable "score" to zero
for op, left, right in questions:
if op == 0: # if the number generated is 0
op("{} + {} = ?".format(left, right)) # prints 'left' + 'right'
ans = left + right # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 added to 'right'
elif op == 1: # if the number generated is 1
print("{} * {} = ?".format(left, right)) # print 'left' multiplied by 'right'
ans = left * right # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 multiplied by 'right'
else: # the only possible value is: op == 2
print("{} - {} = ?".format(left, right)) # print 'left' subtracted by 'right'
ans = left - right # sets "ans" to equal the value of num1 subtracted by 'right'
user_ans = get_integer_input()
if user_ans == ans:
score += 1
print("Well done, you are CORRECT")
else:
print("SORRY, you are INCORRECT") # print writing in brackets
print("The correct answer was {}".format(ans))
if score == 10: # run this part of code if "score" equals 10
print("Fantastic {}, you got full marks!".format(name))# print statement and name
elif score >= 6: # run this part of code if "score" is larger than or equal to 6
print("Well done, there's some improvement to be done here, though {} you got {}/10".format(name, score))# then print statement and score
elif score <=5: # run this part of code if "score" is smaller than or equal to 5
print("hmm, maybe some more practise would be beneficial, {}, you got {}/10".format(name, score)) # then print statement and score
return class_number, name, score
最后，可以对代码进行的最后一项改进是使用包含运算符的dict：
import operator
operations = {
'+': operator.add,
'*': operator.mul,
'-': operator.sub
}
然后您按如下方式简化run_qa：
def run_qa(questions):
print("What is your name?") # prints writing in brackets
name = input().title() # Capitalizes the first letter of the word inputted
print("What class are you in? (Enter 1, 2 or 3)") # asks the user to input a number
class_number = get_integer_input(maxval=3)
# prints writing in brackets and anything saved in the variables "name" and "class_number"
print ("Hello, {} from class {} welcome to my quiz".format(name, class_number))
score = 0 # sets the variable "score" to zero
for op, left, right in questions:
# convert from index value into symbol (the "list()" is a needed trick for python3
op = list(operations.keys())[op]
print("{} {} {} = ?".format(left, op, right))
# calculate the operation with operator 'op' using 'left' and 'right'
ans = operations[op](left, right)
user_ans = get_integer_input()
if user_ans == ans:
score += 1
print("Well done, you are CORRECT")
else:
print("SORRY, you are INCORRECT") # print writing in brackets
print("The correct answer was {}".format(ans))
if score == 10: # run this part of code if "score" equals 10
print("Fantastic {}, you got full marks!".format(name))# print statement and name
elif score >= 6: # run this part of code if "score" is larger than or equal to 6
print("Well done, there's some improvement to be done here, though {} you got {}/10".format(name, score))# then print statement and score
elif score <=5: # run this part of code if "score" is smaller than or equal to 5
print("hmm, maybe some more practice would be beneficial, {}, you got {}/10".format(name, score)) # then print statement and score
return class_number, name, score
Nota Bene ：我没有在本地测试我的代码，它已经在答案框中进行了实时编码 stackoverflow，所以可能存在语法错误和可能是小错误。的目标 我的回答是强调你做错了什么，并告诉你如何做得更好。所以， 请不要带它＆＃34;按原样＃34;复制/粘贴，但通读，了解我的意思 向您展示，并根据我给您的改进更新您的代码。
这是我刚刚测试过的完整示例：
# make the script both py2 and py3 compatible
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
if sys.version_info.major == 2:
input = raw_input
import operator
import random
import json
import os
def store_results(class_number, name, score):
# this adds '.json' to the end of the file (therefore creating a json file)
class_file = "{}.json".format(class_number)
# first step: load the existing data
# first test if the file exists, and if not, use an empty score dictionary
if not os.path.exists(class_file):
scores = {}
# otherwise populate the dictionary
else:
# open as read only, because we just want the data out of it
with open(class_file, 'r') as f:
# load contents of the json file "f" as object "scores"
scores = json.load(f)
# second step: update the data
scores.setdefault(name, []).append(score)
# third step: update the file
# use 'w' when opening the file to overwrite all data within it
with open(class_file, 'w') as f:
# dump object "scores" within file "f"
json.dump(scores, f, sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
def get_integer_input(maxval=None):
while True:
try:
# print a nice prompt
print("> ", end="")
i = int(input()) # asks for an integer input from user
if maxval:
if i >= maxval:
continue
print("Sorry, input shall be inferior than {}, try again".format(maxval))
break
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I didn't understand that, please try again") # print statement
return i
operations = {
'+': operator.add,
'*': operator.mul,
'-': operator.sub
}
def generate_qa():
questions = []
while len(questions) < 3: # add a question until we have three generated
op = random.randint(0,2) # randomly generate a number from 1-3 and store as "maths"
num1 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate an integer from 1-10 and store as "num1"
num2 = random.randint(1,10) # randomly generate a second integer from 1-10 and store as "num2"
questions.append( (op, num1, num2) )
return questions
def run_qa(questions):
print("What is your name?") # prints writing in brackets
name = input().title() # Capitalizes the first letter of the word inputted
print("What class are you in? (Enter 1, 2 or 3)") # asks the user to input a number
class_number = get_integer_input(maxval=3)
# prints writing in brackets and anything saved in the variables "name" and "class_number"
print ("Hello, {} from class {} welcome to my quiz".format(name, class_number))
score = 0 # sets the variable "score" to zero
for op, left, right in questions:
# convert from index value into symbol (the "list()" is a needed trick for python3
op = list(operations.keys())[op]
print("{} {} {} = ?".format(left, op, right))
# calculate the operation with operator 'op' using 'left' and 'right'
ans = operations[op](left, right)
user_ans = get_integer_input()
if user_ans == ans:
score += 1
print("Well done, you are CORRECT")
else:
print("SORRY, you are INCORRECT") # print writing in brackets
print("The correct answer was {}".format(ans))
if score == 10: # run this part of code if "score" equals 10
print("Fantastic {}, you got full marks!".format(name))# print statement and name
elif score >= 6: # run this part of code if "score" is larger than or equal to 6
print("Well done, there's some improvement to be done here, though {} you got {}/10".format(name, score))# then print statement and score
elif score <=5: # run this part of code if "score" is smaller than or equal to 5
print("hmm, maybe some more practise would be beneficial, {}, you got {}/10".format(name, score)) # then print statement and score
return class_number, name, score
if __name__ == "__main__":
questions = generate_qa()
class_number, name, score = run_qa(questions)
store_results(class_number, name, score)
HTH