我将两个列表合并到字典中。现在我想返回与某个年龄相关的所有名字。当我在下面运行时,我在下面的输出中显示错误。如何在我的函数'people'中使用我的第一个函数中的字典
names = ['Katie', 'Bill', 'Cate', 'David', 'Erwin', 'Franz', 'Rich', 'Heath', 'Ivan', 'Justin', 'Kelly', 'Lauren']
ages = [17, 21, 17, 17, 19, 21, 20, 20, 19, 19, 22, 19]
def combine_lists_into_dict():
dictionary = dict(zip(names,ages))
return dictionary
print combine_lists_into_dict()
def people(ages):
dictionary.get(ages, default = None)
return names
print people('20')
输出:
{'Lauren': 19, 'Justin': 19, 'Kelly': 22, 'Cate': 17, 'Bill': 21, 'David': 17, 'Erwin': 19, 'Ivan': 19, 'Rich': 20, 'Franz': 21, 'Heath': 20, 'Katie': 17}
Traceback (most recent call last):
line 50, in <module>
print people('20')
line 48, in people
dictionary.get(ages, default = None)
NameError: global name 'dictionary' is not defined
答案 0 :(得分:2)
三个问题:
dictionary
是一个局部变量,因此people
函数无法看到它,因此global name 'dictionary' is not defined
。.get()
按键查找,而非值,因此不会返回您想要的内容。'20'
传递给年龄。要解决#1,请将从combine_lists_into_dict
返回的字典分配给变量,并将该变量传递给需要它的函数。
要解决#2,请使用列表推导来返回与年龄匹配的名称。
对于#3,传递一个整数。
names = ['Katie', 'Bill', 'Cate', 'David', 'Erwin', 'Franz', 'Rich', 'Heath', 'Ivan', 'Justin', 'Kelly', 'Lauren']
ages = [17, 21, 17, 17, 19, 21, 20, 20, 19, 19, 22, 19]
def combine_lists_into_dict():
dictionary = dict(zip(names,ages))
return dictionary
def people(D,age):
return [key for key,value in D.items() if value == age]
D = combine_lists_into_dict()
print people(D,20)
输出:
['Rich', 'Heath']
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您无需创建字典即可获得所需的名称。使用list comprehension:
>>> names = ['Katie', 'Bill', 'Cate', 'David', 'Erwin', 'Franz',
'Rich', 'Heath', 'Ivan', 'Justin', 'Kelly', 'Lauren']
>>> ages = [17, 21, 17, 17, 19, 21, 20, 20, 19, 19, 22, 19]
>>> [name for name, age in zip(names, ages) if age == 20]
['Rich', 'Heath']
>>> def people(target_age):
... return [name for name, age in zip(names, ages) if age == target_age]
...
>>> people(21)
['Bill', 'Franz']
>>> people(20)
['Rich', 'Heath']
如果要使用字典(以及生成字典的函数),请指定函数的返回值:
>>> def combine_lists_into_dict():
... dictionary = dict(zip(names,ages))
... return dictionary
...
>>> dictionary = combine_lists_into_dict()
>>> [name for name, age in dictionary.items() if age == 20]
['Rich', 'Heath']
BTW,20
和'20'
不同。通过20
代替'20'
:
>>> 20 == '20'
False