在这里寻找一些专家建议。我是自己服务器上的第一次系统管理员，我无法在服务器中找到瓶颈。
Linux CentOS 6 Apache 2.4 PHP 5.5
我已收到大量5分钟的高负荷平均警报，范围在8到80之间，来自CSF
所以我继续在我的服务器上安装sqltuner并让它运行3天
结果并没有显示出与众不同的结果，但我每天的平均负荷仍然很高
我试图找到瓶颈（CPU，由内存不足或I / O限制负载引起的负载）
如果有人可以分享任何见解，那么会引发争议......
（我已经包含了sqltuner＆＃39的报告和下面的高负载电子邮件输出）
-------- Security Recommendations -------------------------------------------
[OK] There are no anonymous accounts for any database users
[OK] All database users have passwords assigned
[!!] There is no basic password file list!
-------- Performance Metrics -------------------------------------------------
[--] Up for: 120d 18h 27m 20s (227M q [21.795 qps], 51M conn, TX: 907B, RX: 26B)
[--] Reads / Writes: 38% / 62%
[--] Binary logging is disabled
[--] Total buffers: 15.4G global + 4.1M per thread (600 max threads)
[OK] Maximum reached memory usage: 16.2G (51.75% of installed RAM)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 17.8G (56.91% of installed RAM)
[OK] Slow queries: 0% (11/227M)
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 33% (199/600)
[OK] Aborted connections: 0.56% (284327/51183230)
[OK] Query cache efficiency: 83.0% (78M cached / 94M selects)
[!!] Query cache prunes per day: 10288
[OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (392 temp sorts / 1M sorts)
[OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 4% (65K on disk / 1M total)
[OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (199 created / 51M connections)
[OK] Table cache hit rate: 22% (425 open / 1K opened)
[OK] Open file limit used: 0% (433/50K)
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (41M immediate / 41M locks)
-------- MyISAM Metrics -----------------------------------------------------
[!!] Key buffer used: 20.2% (108M used / 536M cache)
[OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 512.0M/14.7M
[OK] Read Key buffer hit rate: 99.8% (51M cached / 121K reads)
[!!] Write Key buffer hit rate: 40.8% (4M cached / 2M writes)
-------- InnoDB Metrics -----------------------------------------------------
[--] InnoDB is enabled.
[OK] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 14.6G/140.9M
[!!] InnoDB buffer pool instances: 1
[!!] InnoDB Used buffer: 3.39% (32546 used/ 959999 total)
[OK] InnoDB Read buffer efficiency: 100.00% (5437258684 hits/ 5437259670 total)
[!!] InnoDB Write buffer efficiency: 0.00% (0 hits/ 1 total)
[OK] InnoDB log waits: 0.00% (0 waits / 24069213 writes)
-------- AriaDB Metrics -----------------------------------------------------
[--] AriaDB is disabled.
-------- Replication Metrics -------------------------------------------------
[--] No replication slave(s) for this server.
[--] This is a standalone server..
-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance
Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance
Variables to adjust:
query_cache_size (> 128M) [see warning above]
innodb_buffer_pool_instances(=14)
----------------------
(The only change I've made is to reduce InnoDB size and add multiple pool instances)
高日负载电子邮件：
Time: Sun Dec 6 05:43:53 2015 -0500
1 Min Load Avg: 80.26
5 Min Load Avg: 21.19
15 Min Load Avg: 7.46
Running/Total Processes: 221/875
ps.txt
O
Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process
Srv PID Acc M CPU SS Req Conn Child Slot Client VHost Request
0-1424 16243 0/149/2713129 W 1.28 14 0 0.0 2.34 65107.59 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
1-1424 17057 0/18/2701770 W 2.15 4 0 0.0 0.30 62402.50 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
2-1424 17064 0/24/2685073 W 2.11 13 0 0.0 0.32 62668.14 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
3-1424 15319 0/215/2657841 W 3.50 4 0 0.0 3.88 61950.21 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
4-1424 11567 0/204/2651294 W 7.10 7 0 0.0 3.00 63562.61 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
5-1424 16512 0/37/2640191 W 2.19 5 0 0.0 0.60 63637.48 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
6-1424 17735 0/8/2630311 W 0.62 19 0 0.0 0.06 65036.68 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
7-1424 16521 0/31/2613938 W 2.20 19 0 0.0 0.36 62385.07 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
8-1424 16081 0/33/2611913 W 2.46 5 0 0.0 0.42 60535.12 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
9-1424 14711 0/120/2603042 W 1.89 18 0 0.0 2.11 59868.26 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
10-1424 16838 0/21/2592501 W 1.77 15 0 0.0 0.24 62195.33 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
11-1424 16531 0/42/2584776 W 2.45 11 0 0.0 0.39 62253.11 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
12-1424 17065 0/20/2570161 W 1.29 12 0 0.0 0.18 60474.65 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
13-1424 17770 0/13/2564128 W 1.27 2 0 0.0 0.63 59748.24 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
14-1424 17771 0/14/2542936 W 1.30 2 0 0.0 0.17 60513.73 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
15-1424 15736 0/64/2536855 W 2.91 7 0 0.0 1.16 61453.61 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
16-1424 17077 0/19/2522131 W 2.76 15 0 0.0 0.35 59307.60 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
17-1424 14723 0/93/2521068 W 3.38 6 0 0.0 1.77 60437.40 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
18-1424 16279 0/62/2509938 W 1.81 15 0 0.0 1.07 61401.24 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
19-1424 15333 0/116/2498356 W 3.24 19 0 0.0 1.69 57911.45 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
20-1424 16297 1/35/2494463 W 0.98 53 62 16.1 0.47 59474.66 58.174.24.65 suspensionrevolution.com:80 GET /new/wp-content/themes/optimizePressTheme/lib/assets/defaul
21-1424 16298 0/40/2473943 W 3.83 3 0 0.0 0.54 57987.71 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
22-1424 18054 0/6/2469193 W 1.23 1 0 0.0 0.05 59122.65 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
23-1424 12894 0/162/2458774 W 5.90 17 0 0.0 2.42 56404.92 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
24-1424 18088 0/4/2452422 W 0.90 11 0 0.0 0.00 58405.08 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
25-1424 18089 0/6/2446570 W 1.22 1 0 0.0 0.03 57036.34 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
26-1424 17079 0/30/2439491 W 1.88 0 0 0.0 0.43 54697.67 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
27-1424 16101 0/64/2416961 W 1.53 18 0 0.0 1.69 57160.43 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
28-1424 18140 0/9/2403931 W 0.62 18 0 0.0 0.02 55901.03 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
29-982 1505 1/18/1548355 G 0.14 2914733 450294 2.8 0.29 34947.04 96.47.70.4 suspensionrevolution.com:80 POST /dap/dap-clickbank-6.0.php HTTP/1.1
30-1424 15338 0/100/2384316 W 2.20 7 0 0.0 1.24 53919.77 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
31-1424 16300 2/56/2379897 K 3.47 3 1365 2.4 1.01 55195.75 89.166.18.35 appcoiner.com:80 GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1
32-1424 15749 0/108/2369131 W 3.26 17 0 0.0 2.09 55452.02 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
33-1424 17100 0/17/2359616 W 1.70 11 0 0.0 0.16 52564.23 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
34-1424 16310 0/162/2356424 W 3.95 15 0 0.0 2.68 55800.32 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
35-1424 16543 0/63/2326471 W 1.29 4 0 0.0 0.75 55028.80 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
36-1424 17101 0/18/2331624 W 2.05 14 0 0.0 0.21 53656.66 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
37-1424 17102 0/20/2314444 W 1.51 19 0 0.0 0.29 55684.29 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
38-1424 19665 0/1/2295814 W 0.00 3 0 0.0 0.00 52187.61 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
39-984 8727 1/69/1464486 G 0.68 2906097 450284 2.8 0.83 33844.50 74.63.153.4 suspensionrevolution.com:80 POST /dap/dap-clickbank-6.0.php HTTP/1.1
40-1424 19720 0/1/2277467 W 0.00 2 0 0.0 0.00 55864.93 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
41-1424 18141 0/6/2270838 W 0.62 14 0 0.0 0.02 54059.95 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
42-983 18177 1/49/1440183 G 0.63 2910665 450302 2.8 0.57 31224.74 74.63.153.4 suspensionrevolution.com:80 POST /dap/dap-clickbank-6.0.php HTTP/1.1
43-1424 16104 2/57/2242969 W 2.62 5 0 8.8 0.83 56170.39 54.202.7.147 appcoiner.com:80 GET /start-2/?utm_expid=111102625-1.-ThtNpCTSByWcbkMGdBOow.1&ho
44-1424 16547 0/28/2247277 W 3.84 5 0 0.0 0.31 53028.08 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
45-1424 15797 0/80/2225028 W 3.24 5 0 0.0 1.63 51333.94 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
46-1424 19721 0/1/2205346 W 0.00 2 0 0.0 0.00 52025.79 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
47-1424 18142 0/11/2207016 W 0.94 1 0 0.0 0.07 51355.07 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
48-1424 17104 0/137/2172322 W 1.28 7 0 0.0 2.32 49665.11 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
49-1424 16314 0/63/2168481 W 4.14 5 0 0.0 1.16 49191.04 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
50-1424 19763 0/0/2141243 W 2.41 12 0 0.0 0.00 49538.97 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
51-1424 17106 0/20/2137681 W 1.24 7 0 0.0 0.29 49973.70 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
52-1424 16549 0/34/2125106 W 1.99 7 0 0.0 0.50 50442.63 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
53-1424 17107 0/20/2109740 W 2.18 2 0 0.0 0.31 48074.92 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
54-1424 18143 0/4/2087977 W 1.21 8 0 0.0 0.00 49243.64 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
55-1424 17114 0/30/2062106 W 0.34 17 0 0.0 0.46 48605.36 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
56-1424 17115 0/19/2064562 W 2.07 0 0 0.0 0.30 47600.46 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
57-1424 16569 0/41/2051051 W 3.50 8 0 0.0 0.54 47547.57 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
58-1424 17116 0/28/2023150 W 1.28 4 0 0.0 0.42 49170.14 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
59-1424 17117 0/30/2010767 W 1.41 1 0 0.0 0.51 47681.03 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
60-1424 17118 0/17/1999913 R 0.05 53 5 0.0 0.26 46914.84 65.30.135.196
61-1424 16572 0/35/1978028 W 2.73 16 0 0.0 0.45 45848.82 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
62-1424 16573 0/27/1957566 W 1.60 0 0 0.0 0.45 46768.01 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
63-1424 16574 0/43/1936669 W 2.37 3 0 0.0 0.54 43520.07 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
64-1424 16575 0/28/1922381 W 1.54 1 0 0.0 0.33 45007.49 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
65-1424 16576 0/32/1903916 W 2.15 13 0 0.0 0.73 45117.83 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
66-1424 17119 0/28/1878566 W 1.18 6 0 0.0 0.45 44448.25 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
67-1424 16578 1/39/1869043 K 2.01 0 0 1.2 0.53 44966.25 114.79.47.51 suspensionrevolution.com:80 GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1
68-1424 16579 0/37/1841958 W 2.59 5 0 0.0 0.48 44262.26 72.5.231.11 appcoiner.com:80 GET /?hopc2s=nakt123 HTTP/1.1
这是我的TOP输出：
root@ns513521 [~]# top
top - 08:21:31 up 153 days, 3:51, 1 user, load average: 0.15, 0.27, 0.51
Tasks: 230 total, 2 running, 227 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 32855908k total, 25102984k used, 7752924k free, 886004k buffers
Swap: 1569780k total, 63984k used, 1505796k free, 21254784k cached
这是我的ioStat输出：
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 21.99 1476.57 549.50 19540299168 7271856568
sdb 19.53 982.85 549.49 13006647390 7271718616
sdc 19.46 978.26 549.49 12945853934 7271718616
md2 9.78 492.22 399.94 6513868322 5292584264
md1 20.05 27.80 140.15 367920858 1854711136
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我认为你可以使用sar，例如像这样的东西：
sar -q -s 00:00:00 -e 11:59:59 -f /var/log/sa/sa`date +%d | awk '{printf "%02d", $1 - 1}'`