Question

我正在编写一个排列函数，用于在Python中生成列表的所有排列。我的问题是为什么这样做：

def permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
    for elem in inputData:
        if elem not in outputSoFar:
            outputSoFar.append(elem)
            if len(outputSoFar) == len(inputData):
                print outputSoFar
            else:
                permute(inputData, outputSoFar) # --- Recursion
            outputSoFar.pop()

permute([1,2,3],[])

但这不是：

def permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
    for elem in inputData:
        if elem not in outputSoFar:
            outputSoFar.append(elem)
            if len(outputSoFar) == len(inputData):
                yield outputSoFar 
            else:
                permute(inputData, outputSoFar) # --- Recursion
            outputSoFar.pop()

for i in permute([1,2,3], []):
    print i

这也不起作用（产生列表的副本）：

def permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
    for elem in inputData:
        if elem not in outputSoFar:
            outputSoFar.append(elem)
            if len(outputSoFar) == len(inputData):
                yield outputSoFar[:] # --- Copy of the list
            else:
                permute(inputData, outputSoFar) # --- Recursion
            outputSoFar.pop()

for i in permute([1,2,3], []):
    print i

Answer 1

您还必须产生递归调用的结果：

def permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
    for a in inputData:
        if a not in outputSoFar:
            if len(outputSoFar) == len(inputData) - 1:
                yield outputSoFar + [a]
            else:
                for b in permute(inputData, outputSoFar + [a]): # --- Recursion
                    yield b

for i in permute([1,2,3], []):
    print i

...或（更接近OP代码）：

def permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
    for elem in inputData:
        if elem not in outputSoFar:
            outputSoFar.append(elem)
            if len(outputSoFar) == len(inputData):
                yield outputSoFar
            else:
                for permutation in permute(inputData, outputSoFar):
                    yield permutation # --- Recursion
            outputSoFar.pop()

for i in permute([1,2,3], []):
    print i

Answer 2

当你弹出流行音乐时，你正在破坏性地丢失物品。使用列表的副本而不是就地改变它。

或者，请改用itertools.permutations或itertools.combinations。

Python排列生成器拼图

2 个答案: