检查Bash中两条路径是否相等的最佳方法是什么?例如,给定目录结构
~/
Desktop/
Downloads/ (symlink to ~/Downloads)
Downloads/
photo.png
并假设当前目录是主目录,以下所有内容都是等效的:
./ and ~
~/Desktop and /home/you/Desktop
./Downloads and ~/Desktop/Downloads
./Downloads/photo.png and ~/Downloads/photo.png
是否有本地Bash方式来执行此操作?
答案 0 :(得分:24)
为此,Bash的测试命令有一个-ef
运算符
if [[ ./ -ef ~ ]]; then ...
if [[ ~/Desktop -ef /home/you/Desktop ]]; then ...
等...
$ help test | grep -e -ef
FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.
答案 1 :(得分:7)
您可以使用realpath ~/file.txt
Result: /home/testing/file.txt
realpath ./file.txt
Result: /home/testing/file.txt
。例如:
pkg check -Bd
另请参阅此处的类似答案:bash/fish command to print absolute path to a file
答案 2 :(得分:3)
原生bash方式:
无论符号链接如何, pwd -P
都会返回物理目录。
cd "$dir1"
real1=$(pwd -P)
cd "$dir2"
real2=$(pwd -P)
# compare real1 with real2
另一种方法是使用cd -P
,它将遵循符号链接,但会留在物理目录中:
cd -P "$dir1"
real1=$(pwd)
cd -P "$dir2"
real2=$(pwd)
# compare real1 with real2
答案 3 :(得分:3)
如果安装了coreutils 8.15或更高版本,则可以使用realpath
命令对路径进行完全规范化。它会删除所有.
和..
组件,使路径成为绝对路径,并解析所有符号链接。因此:
if [ "$(realpath "$path1")" = "$(realpath "$path2")" ]; then
echo "Same!"
fi
答案 4 :(得分:2)
当涉及其他因素时,基于解析符号链接的方法会失败。例如,绑定挂载。 (如mount --bind /raid0/var-cache /var/cache
使用find -samefile
是一个不错的选择。这将比较文件系统和inode号。
-samefile
是GNU扩展。即使在Linux上,busybox发现可能还没有获得它。 GNU用户空间和Linux内核经常在一起,但你可以没有另一个,这个问题只标记为Linux和bash。)
# params: two paths. returns true if they both refer to the same file
samepath() {
# test if find prints anything
[[ -s "$(find -L "$1" -samefile "$2")" ]] # as the last command inside the {}, its exit status is the function return value
}
e.g。在我的系统上:
$ find /var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb -samefile /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb
/var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb
$ stat {/var/tmp/EXP,/var}/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb
File: ‘/var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb’
...
Device: 97ch/2428d Inode: 2147747863 Links: 1
...
File: ‘/var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb’
Device: 97ch/2428d Inode: 2147747863 Links: 1
如果要在最终路径组件中跟踪符号链接,可以使用find -L
:
$ ln -s /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb foo
$ find /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb -samefile foo
$ find -L /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb -samefile foo
/var/cache/apt/archives/bash_4.3-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb
显然这适用于引用目录或任何类型文件的路径,而不仅仅是常规文件。它们都有inode数字。
用法:
$ samepath /var/cache/apt/ /var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/ && echo true
true
$ ln -sf /var/cache/apt foobar
$ samepath foobar /var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/ && echo true
true
samepath /var/tmp/EXP/cache/apt/ foobar && echo true
true
samepath foobar && echo true # doesn't return true when find has an error, since the find output is empty.
find: `': No such file or directory
因此find -L
取消引用-samefile
的符号链接以及路径列表。所以其中一个或两个都可以是符号链接。