在容差内找到Python中两个矩阵的交集?

时间:2015-11-04 03:32:30

标签: python numpy matrix vectorization intersection

我正在寻找找到两个不同大小矩阵的交集的最有效方法。每个矩阵有三个变量(列)和不同数量的观察(行)。例如,矩阵A:

a = np.matrix('1 5 1003; 2 4 1002; 4 3 1008; 8 1 2005')
b = np.matrix('7 9 1006; 4 4 1007; 7 7 1050; 8 2 2003'; 9 9 3000; 7 7 1000')

如果我将每列的容差设置为col1 = 1col2 = 2col3 = 10,我会想要一个函数,以便输出a中的索引和b符合各自的容忍度,例如:

[x1, x2] = func(a, b, col1, col2, col3)
print x1
>> [2 3]
print x2
>> [1 3]

您可以通过索引看到a的元素2在b的元素1的容差范围内。

我想我可以循环遍历矩阵a的每个元素,检查它是否在b中每个元素的容差范围内,并按此方式执行。但对于非常大的数据集来说似乎效率低下。

对于实现此目的的循环方法的替代方法的任何建议?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

如果您不介意使用NumPy数组,则可以利用broadcasting来获得矢量化解决方案。这是实施 -

# Set tolerance values for each column
tol = [1, 2, 10]

# Get absolute differences between a and b keeping their columns aligned
diffs = np.abs(np.asarray(a[:,None]) - np.asarray(b))

# Compare each row with the triplet from `tol`.
# Get mask of all matching rows and finally get the matching indices
x1,x2 = np.nonzero((diffs < tol).all(2))

示例运行 -

In [46]: # Inputs
    ...: a=np.matrix('1 5 1003; 2 4 1002; 4 3 1008; 8 1 2005')
    ...: b=np.matrix('7 9 1006; 4 4 1007; 7 7 1050; 8 2 2003; 9 9 3000; 7 7 1000')
    ...: 

In [47]: # Set tolerance values for each column
    ...: tol = [1, 2, 10]
    ...: 
    ...: # Get absolute differences between a and b keeping their columns aligned
    ...: diffs = np.abs(np.asarray(a[:,None]) - np.asarray(b))
    ...: 
    ...: # Compare each row with the triplet from `tol`.
    ...: # Get mask of all matching rows and finally get the matching indices
    ...: x1,x2 = np.nonzero((diffs < tol).all(2))
    ...: 

In [48]: x1,x2
Out[48]: (array([2, 3]), array([1, 3]))

大型数据集案例:如果您正在处理导致内存问题的大型数据,并且因为您已经知道列数是一个小数3,您可能希望3迭代的最小循环并节省大量内存,如此 -

na = a.shape[0]
nb = b.shape[0]
accum = np.ones((na,nb),dtype=bool)
for i in range(a.shape[1]):
    accum &=  np.abs((a[:,i] - b[:,i].ravel())) < tol[i]
x1,x2 = np.nonzero(accum)