运算符+重载问题

时间:2015-10-21 21:04:37

标签: c++ class operator-overloading

对于我的CS课程,我们的老师希望我们创建自己的字符串类。我刚刚开始阶段,目前正在尝试重载operator+。他希望它作为非会员职能。以下是我到目前为止的情况:

这是String头文件:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>

#ifndef STRING_HPP
#define STRING_HPP



class String
{
private:
    int len;
    char* str;
public:
    String();               // default constructor
    String(String const& s);    // copy constructor
    String(char const* s);      // C-string constructor
    ~String() {delete str;};                // destructor
    char* const getString();    //get string for printing
    String& operator=(char const* c);
    String& operator=(String const& s);

};

inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, String s)
{
    return os << s.getString();
}

String operator+(String const& lhs, String const& rhs) {
    len = lhs.len + rhs.len;
    str = new char[len];
    std::strcat(str,lhs);
    std::strcat(str,rhs);
}

#endif

这是String.cpp文件:

#include "string.hpp"
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>

String::String()
{
    len = 0;
    str = new char[len];
}

String::String(String const& s) // copy constructor
{
    len = s.len;
    str = new char[len]; 
    std::strcpy(str,s.str);

}
String::String(char const* s)   // C-string constructor
{
    len = std::strlen(s);
    str = new char[len];
    std::strcpy(str,s);

}

char* const String::getString()
{
    return str;
}

String& String::operator=(char const* c)
{
    // 1: allocate new memory and copy the elements
    int newLen = std::strlen(c);
    char* newStr = new char[newLen]; 
    std::strcpy(newStr,c);

    // 2: deallocate old memory
    delete [] str;

    // 3: assign the new memory to the object
    str = newStr;
    len = newLen;
}

String& String::operator=(String const& s)
{
    // 1: allocate new memory and copy the elements
    int newLen = s.len;
    char* newStr = new char[newLen]; 
    std::strcpy(newStr,s.str);

    // 2: deallocate old memory
    delete [] str;

    // 3: assign the new memory to the object
    str = newStr;
    len = newLen;
 }

这是main的实现:

#include "string.hpp"
#include <iostream>
int main()
{

    String s1;
    String s2 = "test";
    String s3 = s2;

    std::cout << s1 << '\n';
    std::cout << s2 << '\n';
    std::cout << s3 << '\n';

    String a = "one";
    String b = "two";

    a = b;
    b = "three";

    std::cout << a << '\n';
    std::cout << b << '\n';

    String hello = "hello ";
    String world = "world";
    String concat = hello + world;

    std::cout << concat << '\n';
}  

一切都有效,直到最后concat。我不能改变Main.cpp,因为它是由教授提供的。

任何人都可以帮助我指出让operator+工作的正确方向吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您正在使用

str = new char[len]; 

所有功能。它没有足够的内存来保存终止空字符。你需要使用:

str = new char[len+1];

operaor+函数中,在内存分配后使用strcat导致未定义的行为,因为str未初始化。

您需要使用:

str = new char[len+1];
str[0] = '\0';
std::strcat(str,lhs);
std::strcat(str,rhs);

str = new char[len+1];
std::strpy(str,lhs);    // strcpy, not strcat
std::strcat(str,rhs);

<强>更新

operator+()的完整实施:

String operator+(String const& lhs, String const& rhs) {
    int len = lhs.len + rhs.len;
    char* str = new char[len+1];
    std::strcpy(str,lhs);
    std::strcat(str,rhs);
    String ret(str);
    delete [] str;
    return ret;
}

如果实施String::operator+=(String const& rhs),可以简化功能。然后,您可以使用:

String operator+(String const& lhs, String const& rhs) {
    String ret(lhs);
    ret += rhs;
    return ret;
}
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