我在CentOS 6.5机箱上安装Rcpp for R 3.2.2时遇到了一些麻烦。我找到的答案对于StackOverflow和其他论坛来说并没有什么帮助，这些答案在解决这个问题方面似乎没什么用。如果我尝试从R内部或从R CMD INSTALL命令行安装，我会遇到类似的错误，最终Rcpp无法安装最终错误make: *** [Date.o] Error 1和行/之前的错误是/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/exception:35: error: expected declaration before end of line。
以下是我从https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/抓取tarball后尝试通过R CMD INSTALL Rcpp_0.12.1.tar.gz安装的问题。
$ sudo R CMD INSTALL Rcpp_0.12.1.tar.gz
* installing to library ‘/usr/lib64/R/library’
* installing *source* package ‘Rcpp’ ...
** package ‘Rcpp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
g++ -m64 -I/usr/include/R -DNDEBUG -I../inst/include/ -I/usr/local/include -fpic -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -c Date.cpp -o Date.o
In file included from ../inst/include/Rcpp/platform/compiler.h:100,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/r/headers.h:48,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:29,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/cmath:43:28: error: bits/c++config.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/stl_tree.h:63,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/map:60,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/platform/compiler.h:176,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/r/headers.h:48,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:29,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/allocator.h:48:31: error: bits/c++allocator.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ostream:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/iterator:65,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:49,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/localefwd.h:42:76: error: bits/c++locale.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ios:43,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ostream:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/iterator:65,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:49,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/atomicity.h:34:23: error: bits/gthr.h: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/atomicity.h:35:30: error: bits/atomic_word.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/basic_ios.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ios:45,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ostream:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/iterator:65,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:49,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/locale_facets.h:43:30: error: bits/ctype_base.h: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/locale_facets.h:1510:31: error: bits/ctype_inline.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/cmath:44,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/platform/compiler.h:100,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/r/headers.h:48,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:29,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:69: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘(’ token
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:74: error: ‘_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:87: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:110: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:125: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:145: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:152: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:159: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:166: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:198: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:205: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:212: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:219: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:226: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:233: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:240: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:247: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:265: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:272: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:279: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:296: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:310: error: ‘__gnu_cxx’ was not declared in this scope
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:311: error: template argument 1 is invalid
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:355: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:378: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:385: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:392: error: ‘__true_type’ does not name a type
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/cpp_type_traits.h:417: error: ‘_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE’ does not name a type
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/cmath:45,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/platform/compiler.h:100,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/r/headers.h:48,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:29,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:45: error: ‘__enable_if’ is not a template
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:64: error: ‘__is_integer’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:64: error: ‘__is_integer’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:64: error: template argument 1 is invalid
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:64: error: typedef name may not be a nested-name-specifier
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:64: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘>’ token
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:67: error: ‘__if_type’ has not been declared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:107: error: ‘__is_integer’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:107: error: ‘__is_integer’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:107: error: template argument 1 is invalid
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:107: error: typedef name may not be a nested-name-specifier
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:107: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘>’ token
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:110: error: ‘__if_type’ has not been declared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:158: error: ‘__is_integer’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:158: error: expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:158: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘>’ token
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ext/type_traits.h:163: error: ‘__promote’ is not a template
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/cmath:46,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/platform/compiler.h:100,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp/r/headers.h:48,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:29,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/include/math.h:30: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘extern’
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/ostream:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/iterator:65,
from ../inst/include/RcppCommon.h:49,
from ../inst/include/Rcpp.h:27,
from Date.cpp:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/exception:35: error: expected declaration before end of line
make: *** [Date.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘Rcpp’
* removing ‘/usr/lib64/R/library/Rcpp’
gcc.x86_64，gcc-c++.x86_64和gcc-gfortran.x86_64 make和automake 答案 0 :(得分：0)
正如comments above所指出的，诀窍是通过SCL使用新版本的编译器。
以下步骤改编自Ask Xmodulo上的此页面。
$ sudo wget http://people.centos.org/tru/devtools-1.1/devtools-1.1.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "enabled=1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-1.1.repo'
在RHEL6上，您可能需要更新已安装的.repo文件，以手动将baseurl设置为http://people.centos.org/tru/devtools-1.1/6/$basearch/RPMS。从那里：
$ sudo yum install devtoolset-1.1
要安装系统范围的R库，您需要以root身份运行它，这样执行scl enable devtoolset-1.1 bash然后运行sudo R将运行应用程序，但不启用SCL。所以相反：
$ sudo scl enable devtoolset-1.1 bash
这将在启用SCL的情况下以root身份启动bash shell。最后，您可以使用以下命令安装库：
# R CMD INSTALL Rcpp_0.12.1.tar.gz