IPython Notebook / Matplotlib:在绘图上交互显示/隐藏图形,是否可能?

时间:2015-10-13 21:33:43

标签: python matplotlib ipython-notebook

我使用IPython Notebook和Matplotlib以内联显示模式可视化一些数据(即我想在IPython Notebook的Web界面上显示和交互我的图表)。

我有一个显示几个不同图表的图表,我希望有一个交互式界面(例如一组复选框),允许我隐藏或显示图表。

我的情节如下:

Difficult to explore the 9 graphs together, better to hide some of them and show others

我的另一个词:我有一个情节,我在其中显示许多不同的图形,每个图形是一条线,它有自己的图例。我想在绘图中添加一组复选框,每个复选框都用于图表。选中检查点后,图形将可见,未选中时图形将消失。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

要执行此操作,您需要参考由绘图例程创建的艺术家。附加到DataFrame对象的绘图方法返回它们绘制的Axes对象(这对于简单的事情很有用,但是使复杂的事情变得不可能)所以,有些绘图代码:

%matplotlib notebook
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib

def pandas_plot(ax, df, style_cycle, **kwargs):
    """
    Plot a pandas DataFrame

    Parameters
    ----------
    ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes
        The axes to plot to

    df : pd.DataFrame
        The data to plot

    style_cycle : Cycler
        Something that when iterated over yields style dict

    Returns
    -------
    ret : dict
        Dictionary of line2d artists added 
    """
    ret = {}
    x = df.index
    for n, sty in zip(df.columns, style_cycle):
        sty.update(kwargs)
        ln, = ax.plot(x, df[n], label=n, **sty)
        ret[n] = ln
    ax.legend()
    return ret

现在有一些代码来设置小部件界面(这比你要求的要多,但这是我从我的scipy谈话中预先做出来的):

from IPython.html.widgets import *
from IPython.display import display

def widget_function_factory(arts):
    """
    Generate fulnction + args to pass to interactive
    Parameters
    ----------
    arts : dict
        dictionary of Line2D

    """

    name = Dropdown(options=list(arts.keys()))

    def set_all(_, old_line, new_line):
        ln = arts[new_line]
        lw.value = ln.get_lw()
        alph.value = ln.get_alpha() or 1
        visible.value = ln.get_visible()
        markevery.value = ln.get_markevery()
        marker.value = ln.get_marker()

    def set_lw(_, old_lw, new_lw):
        ln = arts[name.value]
        arts[name.value].set_lw(new_lw)
        arts[name.value].axes.legend()

    def set_alpha(_, old_value, new_value):
        ln = arts[name.value]
        ln.set_alpha(new_value)
        ln.axes.legend()

    def set_visible(_, old_value, new_value):
        ln = arts[name.value]
        ln.set_visible(new_value)
        ln.axes.legend()

    def set_markevery(_, old_value, new_value):
        ln = arts[name.value]
        ln.set_markevery(new_value)

    def set_marker(_, old_value, new_value):
        ln = arts[name.value]
        ln.set_marker(new_value)
        ln.axes.legend()

    lw = FloatSlider(min=1, max=5, description='lw: ')
    alph = FloatSlider(min=0, max=1, description='alpha: ')
    visible = Checkbox(description='visible: ')
    markevery = IntSlider(min=1, max=15, description='markevery: ')
    marker = Dropdown(options={v:k for k, v in matplotlib.markers.MarkerStyle.markers.items()},
                     description='marker: ')

    name.on_trait_change(set_all, 'value')
    lw.on_trait_change(set_lw, 'value')
    alph.on_trait_change(set_alpha, 'value')
    visible.on_trait_change(set_visible, 'value')
    markevery.on_trait_change(set_markevery, 'value')
    marker.on_trait_change(set_marker, 'value')
    display(name, lw, alph, marker, markevery, visible)
    set_all(None, None, name.value)

进行绘图:

th = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 128)
df = pd.DataFrame({'sin': np.sin(th),
                   'shift +': np.sin(th + np.pi / 3), 
                   'shift -': np.sin(th - np.pi / 3)}, index=th)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
from cycler import cycler
style_cycle = cycler('color',['r', 'black', 'pink']) + cycler('marker', 'sxo')
#style_cycle = [{'color': 'r', 'marker': 's'},
#               {'color': 'black', 'marker': 'x'},
#               {'color': 'pink', 'marker': 'o'}]
arts = pandas_plot(ax, df, style_cycle, markevery=10)
vlns = []
for x in np.arange(1, 7) * np.pi/3:
    vlns.append(plt.axvline(x, color='k', linestyle=':'))
plt.axhline(0, color='k', linestyle=':')

并创建控件

widget_function_factory(arts)

cycler是一个从mpl分离出来的副项目(并且将成为1.5的必需项目)。它目前可以安装pip。

请参阅https://gist.github.com/tacaswell/7a0e5e76fb3cafa3b7cd#file-so_interactive_demo-ipynb了解演示笔记本。

正在进行的工作使这更容易(因此mpl艺术家可以自动构建他们的UI元素)。实现这项工作的基础设施是mpl 2.1的主要目标之一。