Question

默认heapq是min队列实现，并想知道是否有最大队列选项？感谢。

我尝试使用_heapify_max获取最大堆的解决方案，但是如何处理动态推/弹元素？似乎_heapify_max只能在初始化时使用。

import heapq

def heapsort(iterable):
    h = []
    for value in iterable:
        heapq.heappush(h, value)
    return [heapq.heappop(h) for i in range(len(h))]

if __name__ == "__main__":

    print heapsort([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0])

编辑，尝试_heapify_max似乎不适用于动态推/弹元素。我尝试两种方法输出相同，两个输出都是，[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]。

def heapsort(iterable):
    h = []
    for value in iterable:
        heapq.heappush(h, value)
    return [heapq.heappop(h) for i in range(len(h))]

def heapsort2(iterable):
    h = []
    heapq._heapify_max(h)
    for value in iterable:
        heapq.heappush(h, value)
    return [heapq.heappop(h) for i in range(len(h))]

if __name__ == "__main__":

    print heapsort([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0])
    print heapsort2([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0])

提前致谢，林

Answer 1

过去我只使用sortedcontainers的SortedList作为：

> a = SortedList()
> a.add(3)
> a.add(2)
> a.add(1)
> a.pop()
3

它不是一堆，但它很快并且可以根据需要直接工作。

如果你绝对需要它成为一堆，你可以做一般否定课来保存你的物品。

class Neg():
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x

    def __cmp__(self, other):
        return -cmp(self.x, other.x)

def maxheappush(heap, item):
    heapq.heappush(heap, Neg(item))

def maxheappop(heap):
    return heapq.heappop(heap).x

但那将使用更多的记忆。

Answer 2

最新的cpython源代码中有一个_heappop_max函数，您可能会发现它很有用：

def _heappop_max(heap):
    """Maxheap version of a heappop."""
    lastelt = heap.pop()    # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
    if heap:
        returnitem = heap[0]
        heap[0] = lastelt
        heapq._siftup_max(heap, 0)
        return returnitem
    return lastelt

如果使用heappush更改heapq._siftdown_max逻辑，则应获得所需的输出：

def _heappush_max(heap, item):
    heap.append(item)
    heapq._siftdown_max(heap, 0, len(heap)-1)


def _heappop_max(heap):
    """Maxheap version of a heappop."""
    lastelt = heap.pop()  # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
    if heap:
        returnitem = heap[0]
        heap[0] = lastelt
        heapq._siftup_max(heap, 0)
        return returnitem
    return lastelt


def heapsort2(iterable):
    h = []
    heapq._heapify_max(h)
    for value in iterable:
        _heappush_max(h, value)
    return [_heappop_max(h) for i in range(len(h))]

输出：

In [14]: heapsort2([1,3,6,2,7,9,0,4,5,8])
Out[14]: [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

In [15]: heapsort2([7, 8, 9, 6, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 0])
Out[15]: [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

In [16]: heapsort2([19,13,15,17,11,10,14,20,18])
Out[16]: [20, 19, 18, 17, 15, 14, 13, 11, 10]

In [17]: heapsort2(["foo","bar","foobar","baz"])
Out[17]: ['foobar', 'foo', 'baz', 'bar']

Python中内置的最大堆API

2 个答案: